310 
THE GEOLOGIST. 
The Agecroft section was about half a mile to the north-west of the Pen- 
dleton one. The same fossil fish remains, and the Anthracojjtera 
Broioniana of Salter, are met with in the impure cannel, black bass, and 
ironstone of both mines, although in much less abundance at the former 
than the latter. 
Now at St. George's Colliery, Manchester, about 2| miles in a straight 
line from Pendleton Colliery, the following is a section of the strata im- 
mediately above the four-feet coal : — 
yds. ft. ill. 
Rock Bands '3 2 0 
Hard Gray Rock 5 0 0 
Coal, called Nine Inches ..006 
Black Sod, Rotten .... 0 1 0 
Impure Can u el Coal .... 0 0 6 
PouR-rEET Mine .... 1 0 6 
Not only is there a great difference in the nature of the deposits, but 
there is an equal difference in their fossil organic remains, few, if any, of 
the fishes being met with at Bradford which were so abundant at Pendle- 
ton, Until the sinking of the Patricroft pit by Messrs. Lancaster, and 
the proving of the Pendleton four-feet coal there, it was not easy to be 
convinced that the Bradford and Pendleton seams were the same ; but 
when the author saw the red ironstone at Patricroft, he immediately iden- 
tified it with a similar bed seen on the banks of the Medlock, below the 
brewery in Beswick. Now the last-named instance lies 3G6 yards above 
the four-feet coal of Bradford, as can be proved in the river section of 
the Medlock, between Beswick and the old ford across the river, just be- 
low the iron bridge near Philip's Park, where the " four-feet " outcrops. 
The distance is 1100 yards, and the dip of the strata, on an average, 1 in 
3 ; so that will give 366 yards between the two strata. At Patricroft, the 
distance in the sinking between the four-feet coal and the red ironstone 
was 378 yards. From this, 20 yards has to be deducted for the dip of the 
strata, leaving 358 yards as the thickness ; so one seam is within 10 yards' 
distance of the other, — no great variance in 5 or 6 miles. 
By looking at the map it will be seen that the Trias covers the upper 
coal-field on its dip at Ardwick, and no traces of the Permian beds, -which 
are known to be found under the south-east of the city, are shown at the 
surface. There is little doubt but that both the Trias and Permian beds 
rest unconformably on the upper coal-measures here, but they cannot be 
seen. Some time since, Mr. Mellor was so kind as to show him a soft red 
sand without pebbles, very like the Yauxhall sand, which had been met 
with in driving a tunnel to the clip of the Ardwick limestones. At first 
he was inclined to consider this sand as Permian, but he has since come 
to the conclusion that it is Trias, as no Permian marls are found above it. 
He had gi^^en, he said, twenty-five years to investigate the geology of 
Manchester, and the two maps, imperfect as they were, are the result of his 
labours. Younger geologists must take them in hand and improve upon 
them. There was plenty of work to be done before the geology of the 
district, six miles around the Manchester Exchange, would be all well 
known and correctly laid down. He hoped that the structure of the 
ground upon which the city stood would attract the attention of the 
members. 
Mr. E. Hull said it was an excellent local map, and conveyed a very 
proper and correct notion of the general structure and ])rinci])al features 
of the district of Manchester. He took a different view from Mr. Binney 
