THE GEOLOGIST. 
burning up readily, actually deadened it, and by slow degrees was 
putting it out. He saw at ouce the utter uselessness of cold anthracite 
in the furnace, and proposed to heat it preparatory to using it in the 
blast. Fortunately for the district, he was entirely successful ; and 
thus opened up a fresh portion of South Wales to commercial enter- 
prise. There is, however, one drawback still about it, and that is, 
the slowness with which the iron is turned out, in comparison with 
the iron of the bituminous works ; a cause which operates somewhat 
detrimentally, when we consider the great extent of competition in 
the trade. 
The chemical features of anthracite may be summed up in a very few 
words. As compared with bituminous coal, its great difference is in 
containing much more carbon and less volatile matters. I add an 
analysis made by Dr. Schafhaeutl, which was published in the 
" Transactions of the Royal Institute of South Wales" for 1840. It 
is as follows : — 
Carbon 92.79 
Hydrogen .3.14 
Oxygen 1.64 
Azote 0.89 
Silica 1.13 • 
Alumina 0.32 
Sulphur witli traces of Iron .... 0.09 
100.00 
Den.sity 1.349 
In the following tabulated columns I have appended a short 
analysis * of the coals in their westward course along the north crop, 
showing the gradual increase of the anthracitous matter. 
Tabular Columns showing the Increase of Anthracite to the Westward. 
1. Blanafou — 
Tlu-ee Quarter Coal . 65.63 
Droydeg 65.55 
Meadow Vein . . . 72.00 
Old Coal 75.21 
2. Clydach — 
Ellid Coal .... 76.58 
Big Vein .... 73.42 
Three Quarter. . . 72.70 
Bydellog or Droydeg. 72.13 
Yard Vein .... 78.68 
Old Coal 77.55 
In 100 parts. 
Bitu- 
Carbon. minous 
Matter. 
31.25 
28.95 
26.00 
22.29 
3. Nantyglo — 
Ellid 81.87 
Three Quarter . . . 82.65 
Bydellog 77.14 
Old Coal 78.75 
4. Ehhu-rale — 
20.80 Ellid 82.32 
24.58 Three Quarter. . . 80.25 
25.30 Big Vein .... 81.37 
21.87 Bydellog 72.88 
19..32 Yard Vein .... 81.04 
18.95 Old Coal 79.28 
Selected from those made by Mr. Mashet. 
In 100 parts. 
Bitu- 
Carbon. minous 
Matter, 
17.13 
15.10 
17.86 
18.75 
16.30 
17.00 
17.00 
16.87 
15.83 
18.22 
