150 
THE GEOLOGIST. 
the Ochils towards Dunning and Tereagles in Perthshire. These 
tilestonos, and the grey and red sandstones with which they are 
systematically associated, occupy the whole superficies of that well- 
known and beautiful tract of country which is bounded by the old 
crystalline rocks of the Grampians on the north, and by the later 
felspathic Ochil i-ange on the south ; and it includes the celebrated 
geological localities of Cavonylie, Glammis, Forfar, Kinnordie, Clash- 
bennie, Babruddery, and Parkhill. 
The strata all dip off from the Grampians, generally in a south- 
easterly direction, and at various degrees of inclination. They rest 
on a great coarse foundation of conglomerate, the true equivalent of 
the fundamental conglomerates of Caithness and Sutherland ; and 
thus they constitute, with the absence of some members of the series, 
component parts of the Lower Division of the old red sandstone. The 
thickness of the group may be estimated at about two thousand feet, 
the deepest section of which is exposed in the quarries of Balbeuchlie, 
and which, uptilted at variovis angles, protrudes along the ridges and 
numerous valleys of the highest crest of the Sidlaws. There are, 
in the line of strike from north to south, two well-defined synclines 
and three anticlines, occasioned by the upheaval of the trappean 
formations. 
A new opening was lately made into the tilestone-beds at Tealing ; 
and, as it has proved so exuberantly rich in fossil remains, I shall 
confine the few observations I have now to make to this most 
interesting locality. I visited the spot in February last, in company 
with Lord and Lady Kinnaird, Sir John and Lady Jane Ogilvy, and 
an enthusiastic party of juveniles of both sexes, some just fresh from 
their Oxford studies. 
The fossiliferous bed of "Tilestone" rests upon bands of highly 
micaceous flagstones, the well-known " Carmylie pavement," and i« 
overlaid by strata of similar lithological structure and mineral con- 
stituents. The ripple-marked bands are above as well as below, and 
the tilestone itself is often deeply indented by the wavelets. The 
distinguishing characteristics of the tilestone consist in its finer 
texture, more fissile lamination, and deep blue colour, — which often 
render it, in hand specimens, difficult to be distinguished from the 
old clay-slate. 
