WATSON — THE HiEMATITE DEPOSITS OP GLAMORGANSHIRE. 255 
working on the vein. The pits were usually sunk down some twenty- 
five yards on the " dip," and low headings were then driven out on 
the " course " or " strike " of the vein, the headings terminating in 
" stalls," which are " chambers " turned at right angles to the 
" pitching " of the deposit which it follows down. The diagram, how- 
ever, will afford a clearer idea of this plan of working than any 
written description. It is difiicult to assign any reason for the small 
size of the pits and the lowness of the " headings," seeing that such 
arrangements must have offered great impediments to the bringing 
out of the ore from the mine, unless it were that the rude nature of 
the tools, and slow progress thereby caused in working through the 
rock, rendered it more economical to confine all the means of access 
to the smallest possible dimensions. 
In the commencement of this article I have referred to the 
rediscovery of these iron-ore deposits, since, apart from the evidence 
of the ancient workings, Leland in his " Itiueraiy " says, " There are 
two faire i)ai'kes by south of Llantrissant now unimpalid and without 
deere. There is yren now made in one of these parkes, named 
' Glinog.' " The mine at Cornel Park, worked by Mr. Vaughan, is 
probably the mine referred to by Leland. The proof of the former 
mining-associations of the locality extends also to the names of places. 
Thus, near Mr. Vaughan's mine is Mwyndy, or the Miner's House ; 
and at Lleche, near Llauharry, is a building called Castell y Mwynwrs, 
or the Miner's Castle, and is situate near, I believe, the largest deposit 
proved by Mr. Plant in the Llauharry district. 
The deposit at Newton, as I have already stated, is remarkable for 
having, intercalated with the hcematite, a bed of manganese-ore, or 
black haematite. The vein was first discovered at Guar Coch, where 
it has been worked to a limited extent, and where the diagrammatic 
section delineated in Plate XI . can now be seen. 
We have presented there : — 
{c\ Gravel . 
(6). Conglomerate ... 6 feet.* 
(d'). Ha5matite .... 1 foot, 
(e). Manganese .... 4 feet. 
(d). Haematite .... 3 feet. 
(a). Limestone .... . 
* The section is pnrposely exaggerated to better show the details — the real 
thickness of the several heds is mentioned in the text. 
