256 
THK (iEOJ.OGlST. 
The mangauese-ore is singularly free from iron, aud its position 
between the beds of lueuiatite forms altogether a most remarkable 
association of minerals. The character of the veinstone of the haema- 
tite at Newton difters fioiii that at Llantrissant by the absence of 
silica and its replacement by calcareous minerals. Small leaders of 
ore, called " blowei's," run up into the magncsiau conglomerate at right 
angles to the general mass, and are analogous to the "joints" which 
intersect the " mine-measures " in the Forest of Dean. The ore dips 
fast to the south at the crop, but would seem to " flat " as it passes 
towards the centre of the basin. Near Pyle, traces of the hajmatite 
are to be seen at low-water occupying the flank of the limestone 
basin immediately under the magnesian conglomerate ; and both there 
and at Newton the deposits course in an east and west direction. 
Besides the psilomelaue, which forms the chief bulk of the ore, there 
is a small admixture of pyrolusite, but the vein may be considered 
" massive grey manganese," such as occurs at Upton Pyne aud 
Dodscomb Leigh, in Devonshire. 
In the Newton District the ploughshare has brought up the 
evidence of former workings of the ore, as near Llantrissant, and 
iron-cinders, old slags, and even jjieces of ore, are to be found scattered 
over the fields. The borough of Kenfig, in this district, consists of a 
solitary house ; and this fact is significant of the place having ouce 
been of importance, arising, no doubt, from the metallurgical opera- 
tions formerly carried on by the Romans, or some other people, in 
the neighbourhood, — the ancient town having disappeared with the 
removal of that industry which had created the settlement. 
Antiquarian matters do not properly fall within the province of 
this article, but those of my readers who have curiosity in these 
matters had better repair to the locus in qiio, where they may find an 
abundance of material : — the geologist will have an opportunity of 
examining there some of, perhaps, the most wonderful phenomena in 
connexion with the petrology of the British Isles. 
