284 
THE GEOLOGIST, 
these occur, in predominant proportions, hydrosilicates of copper, 
malachite, green carbonate of copper, and other minerals containing 
this metal in the condition of an oxide. 
2. — Sulphuriferoiis Strata in the Roman States. 
Sulphur is found in a calcareous marl (Upper Cretaceous) in the 
environs of Rimini and Cerena. The thickness of the most produc- 
tive beds varies from about four to thirty-one feet. During 1857, 
680 workmen produced above 10,000 cwts. of smelted sulphur. 
These mines are the property of a company of shareholders, having a 
capital of 220,000 scudi. A considerable proportion is sent, in the form 
of powder, to the Levant, where it is used to preserve vines against 
the ravages of the Oidium. 
3. — Mineral Springs of Goritzia and Istria. 
The Montefalcone spring is situated about 2,000 paces from the 
sea-coast, in a natural basin, seven feet deep, twenty-eight feet long, 
and as broad ; of nearly regular square form, and excavated in 
cretaceous limestone. The basin is without an outlet. The water- 
level rises and falls with the sea-tides, and is spontaneously restored 
when lowered by exhaustion. The temperature is 37° or 38° cent.; the 
taste is similar to that of sea-water ; the smell slightly sulphuretted 
(like that of the surrounding limestone when freshly fractured), but 
transient. The surrounding swamps contain fresh water. 
This mineral water contains, in 10,000 parts, 133.71 parts of solid 
substances, among which chloruret of natrium (96.06), chloruret of 
magnesium (15.32), bicarbonate of lime (1.83), sulphates of potash, 
natron, and lime (2.44, 6.51, and 8.76), are predominant. 
The sulphurous spring of San Stefano lies about twenty English 
miles from the sea, and nearly twenty feet above the sea-level. Its 
quantity is very considerable. Temperature 36.5° to 37.5° cent, (tempera- 
ture of the surrounding air 22° to 26° cent.). Taste, lixiviously insipid. 
Proportion of fixed substances very considerable. The strong hydro- 
sulphurous smell, the thick white deposit, and the instantaneous deep 
blackening of silver coins thrown into the water, denote a considerable 
proportion of sulphur contained in it. There may exist a connexion 
between this spring and the alum-shales of Sovigniaco, not far 
distant. 
