niUTISII ASSOCIATION MKKTINO. 
is encrusted with thin stalactite: the cave /; mostly consists of limestone, with 
bones adhering to the sides ; the top is closed up with st one riibhlc. The teeth 
and bones found in tiic cave a wore mostly covered with dirt ; part of them 
were lying on the dirt, and in crevices al)ont the caves a and h. From the 
cave marked n, a passage has been discovered into what I call a gallery, 
marked r, which gallery opens into the face of the quarry at d. At e, some 
teetli and bones were found. Tiie farther end of the gallery is not closed, but 
it is not sutlicieutly wide for a man to creep into it. The sides of the gallery 
consist mostly of limestone, some clay, and stalactite. At /' the gallery was 
covered witii masses, or lumps of limestone, with much clay intermixed, and in 
general so compact that it retpiires gunpowder to blast it asunder — and con- 
tinued so to the surface of the country, a height of fifteen feet as sho\vu in the 
sketch. 
The general state of this quarry has been found to consist of more caves, 
filled with clay, than any other ; and nearly uuder the entrance of the cave, 
where the bones were found, I have du<j down through clay of so stiff and hard 
a nature as to render it diificult to dig mto it, and it continued so until I got 
to six feet below high water, when rock again appeared, but not compact. In 
this digging, many lumps of iron-ore were found ui the hard clay. 
The distance from the cave a to the commencement of the quarry, or har- 
bour, is two hundred aud one yards ; and to the cave where the first bones 
were found in November, 1816, oue liundred and eighty yards in a western di- 
rection."* 
The bones found on the occasion just mentioned, together with a smaller 
number sent up in November, 1822, were described by Mr. Clift, in an 
elaborate paper, read before the Royal Society, February 6, 1823, aud published 
in that year's " Philosophical Transactions." 
On the authority of Professor Owen, the ossiferous caverns and fissures of 
Devoushire have yielded remains of the following species of mammals, namely : 
EXTINCT SPECIES. 
TJrsus prisms 
UrsHS spel/eiis 
Hi/rena spelcea 
Felis spelrfa 
Machairodiis latidens 
Lagomys speltea 
Ulcphas primigen'ms 
Rhinoceros tichorinus 
Eqmis fossilis 
Equus plicidens 
Asimis fossil is 
Hippotamus major 
Megaceros Hibernicus 
Strongyloceros spelaits 
Cercus Bucklandi 
Bison minor 
Bos longifrons 
Ke 
0 
Great cave-bear 
Ke 
0 
Ki 
G 
M 
D 
Cave-hyaeua 
Ke 
0 
Ki 
G 
M 
D 
Great cave-lion 
Ke 
Kc 
0 
Ki 
M 
Cave-pika 
Ke 
Mammoth 
Ke 
Ki 
M 
Tiehoriue (two-honicd) 
Ke 
0 
Ki 
rhinoceros 
Fossil horse 
Kc 
CO 
Ki 
G 
M 
Fossil ass, or zebra 
Large fossil hippopo- 
0 
Ke 
Ki 
D 
tamus 
Gigantic Irish deer Ke 
Gigantic round-autlcrcd Kc 
deer 
Buckland's deer 
Long-fronted ox 
Devou Ki 
0 
0 Ki 
• PhilnsnjihiciU Transilctioiis, 1823, p. 78. 
VOL. II. 
Q Q 
4 
