NOTKS ANM) QUKltlES. 
417 
The reason of this appears to be that soutli of W(;iisle,Y(lale tlic ii])per " Sear- 
liinestoiies" t hin out ; wiiilo I hc h)\ver, wiiich form I he bed of Ihe Enre, tliiei<cn 
in ))roportion, thus ereaiing a basin on wiiicii tin; ii|)per grou)) reposes, wiiilc! 
the passes to the south lie on the edge of tliis great l)asin, wiiieh may be traeed 
round by tin; line of the " Peuinc-fault." Tiic grits of the upper grouji, 
especially where tlie beds become obliterated, an; friable and easily broken; 
hence the streams How on the more compact lower strata, and (ind their way 
from theii- sprinijs on the edge of the basin into the hollow where the main 
river runs, creatnig the lateral valleys which, from the cnornimis thickness of 
the beds, and the "reater strength of the limestone-bands, is impossible on tiie 
northern face of tlie main valley ; and the descent into the valleys soutli of 
Wenslcydale being from the edge of the basin through the steps of the great 
liomogenous lower " Sear-linicstone," which has few alternating grits and 
" plates" to W'Car level, the roads, where there arc any, are more impracticable. 
At Cray, the first hamlet in our descent from the pass, we found crossing 
tlie road, a little above the inn, several highly fossilifcrous beds, where the 
Fmluctics Scudcits is crowded together in the thin stratum wiiicli produces 
the large slabs containing that fossil so common in our museums. It is as- 
sociated with Lifhonti-otioii irrcyidare in very large lumps. A Little above 
this are beds in which Turhiiwlia J'uiirjiteH is very common ; while higher, where 
the waters form a series of cascades, the beds are full of Productiis yigantcus. 
The descent from above Cray into Wharfedale is very steep ; and passing a 
valley to the left, a view opens into the heart of Great Whernsidc, its rounded 
top forming a prominent object ; we soon came in sight of one of the marvels 
of the dale — Kilusey Crag, a magnificent scar, one hundred and sixty-five feet 
perpendicular, and literally overhanging the road for half a mile. It is in the 
tiie lower " scar-limestone," and one of the spurs of Hard-flask, a range of hills 
stretching as far as Pen-y-geant ; and, lying in the uortlieruline of the "Craven- 
fanlt," probably owes its perpendicidar character to the disturbances that pro- 
duced the precipices of Malliani Cove and the scars at Giggleswick. From 
beneath it, as at Malhain Cove, issues a clear stream of cold water, whence 
Whittaker deduces the name of tlie crag itself, " Kihisey" (written chilisie), that 
is, " chiU water," a derivation abnost too poetical to be correct. 
In the drive from Kilusey the valley yields a succession of views of the most 
romantic and ever -increasing beauty, until they culminate in the rich woods and 
savage moors by which Bolton Abbey is shut in. On the left, at the base of Whern- 
sidc, the step-like character of the " lower scar-limestone" is well exhibited. 
We did not follow the road further than to a village called Linton, where 
we turned off into a bye-road that led us into a little solitary basin among the 
hills, wdiere lies the hamlet of Thorpe, called in the old charters " Thorpe sub- 
tus Moutem," and tridy it deserves t4ie name. It lies in a hoUow of the lime- 
stone, where the beds are broken up at the junction w ith the niiUstone-grit, 
which fro'mis in castle-like " scars" from Burnsall and Barden Falls. The Lime- 
stone itself, after its disruption, has been worn into conical hills and lake-like 
cavities, not dissimilar to the way in which it has been denuded near CUtheroe ; 
while the beautifvd green herbage on the sugar-loaf hiUs presents a striking con- 
trast to the brown rocks forming the edges of the niiUstone-grit above them. 
Tliis limestone is most fossilifcrous; and contains very fine examples of many 
species of Productus, Terebratula, Ilhynchonella, and other brachiopods, and 
fewer, but equally well preserved specimens of Trilobites, Gouiatites, Pectens, and 
beautiful corals. We brouglit away with us, after a long day's work, a noble 
series of fossils, many of which would grace the cabinets of the most fastidious. 
A day at Thorpe woidd w-eU repay the collector of fossils; and Messrs. 
Pindar, who were most obliging to us, would I am sui'e be most happy to 
render any facilities. 
