64 
THE GEOLOGIST. 
teetli, mostly Labyrintliodont, and some probably Dicynodont, from the 
(Triassic ?) red clay of Maledi, in which teeth of Ceratodus occur ; and 
(2) several teeth similar to one from the Eocene clays of Takli, near 
isagpore, and another like a conical tooth from the Eocene beds (with 
JPhysa Prinsepii) of Physura, from the same neighbourhood as that in 
which the set jNo. 1 was found. At PMsdura (Tertiary) large reptilian 
bones (including a femur 1 foot across at the condyles, and a vertebral cen- 
trum seven inches across) have been found associated with large coprolites, 
Physa Prinsepii, and Paludina Deccanensis. Mr. Hislop stated his 
belief that the Mangali beds, the Kordihad shales, and the red-clay of 
Maledi, should be placed above the plant-bearing beds of iN^agpore, instead 
of below them, as heretofore supposed. 
January 6, 1864. — 1. " On the recent Geological Changes in Somerset, 
and their date relatively to the Existence of Man, and of certain of the 
Extinct Mammalia," By G. S. Poole, Esq. 
In describing the general physical features of the district treated of, 
Thich lies between Clevedon and Taunton, the author noticed especially 
the embankments which protect the land from periodical inundations, 
stating his belief that they were constructed by the Eomans ; he also de- 
scribed the " turbaries " or peat-moors, endeavouring to explain their mode 
of formation, and noticing tijeir relation to the alluvium and the sand-banks 
of the district, Mr. Poole then endeavoured to prove that the area under 
consideration had been subject to considerable changes of level in com- 
paratively recent geological times, and that man existed in the district 
prior, and some of the extinct mammalia subsequently, to the last of such 
changes, — asserting, in support of the last conclusion, that the remains of 
Plephas priniigenius, Rhinoceros tichorinus, etc., had been found in a 
stratum above that containing the bones of man and pieces of pottery ; and 
he concluded by examining the evidence of the extent and date of the last 
subsidence. 
2. On the Structure of the E.ed Crag in Sutfolk and Essex." By 
SearlesV. Wood, jun., Esq. Communicated by Searles V.Wood, Esq., E.G. S. 
By reference to a tabulated description of about £fty sections taken 
from various parts of the Hed Crag area, the author showed that the de- 
posit is structurally divisible into five stages, of which the 1st, 2ud, 3rd, 
and 4th (counting upwards) \a ere not deposited under water; but from 
their being regularly laminated, at angles varying between 25° and 35°, 
and possessing (with the exception of the 2nd) an unvarying direction in 
every stage, he regards them as the result of a process of " beaching up," 
by which was formed a reef extending from the river Aide on the north, 
to the southern extremity of the deposit in Essex, Of these four stages, 
the 4th is the most constant and important, the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd being 
frequently either concealed by, or destroyed during the formation of the 
succeding stages. At A\'alton-on-Naze alone do any of tlie four lower 
stages contain evidence of being a subaqueous deposit ; there the 1st stage 
is so, but it is covered by two reef stages, and these again by the 5th stage. 
The 5th stage is invariably horizontal, and contains evidence of having 
been formed under water. This stage is developed in such a way as to 
show that it w as formed in channels eroded in the older reef, and it is at 
its base that the coproiite workings occur. This stage also passes up at 
Chillcsford into the sands and gravels, termed by the author the Lower 
Drift, which underlie the boulder clay ; at other places a Ime of erosion 
exists between the 5th stage and the drift-sands, 
Jan. 20. — 1. " Observations on supposed Glacial Drift in the Labradoi; 
Peninsula, Western Canada, and on the South Branch of the Saskatche- 
wan." By Professor H. Y. Hind, Toronto. 
