COLOITEAL GEOLOGY — NEW SOUTH WALES. 
73 
produced the specimen in proof of the age of the coal, could have ad- 
mitted that all he had said was untrue. The ' Australian Yeoman ' is 
convinced that Mr. Clarke is right, and congratulates him on his triumph 
over a stubborn foe. 
Then follow the geological notes collected during a three months' leave 
of absence, spent in a trip from Melbourne to the Upper Burdekin, Queens- 
land (with a plan and section), by Kichard Daintree, field geologist, Vic- 
toria ; the substance of which is, — 
Starting from Melbourne, the Tertiaries of Port Philip Heads, the 
Amygdaloids of Cape Schank and Philip Island, succeeded by the cliffs of 
the Cape Paterson Carbonaceous strata, were rapidly passed. iS^ext, the 
granite of "Wilson's Promontory and the low sandy Tertiaries of Gipps 
Land. The promontory of Cape Howe was scanned, in the hope that it 
would afford some connecting link between the eastern extension of the 
Carbonaceous strata of Gipps Land and the southern coal-fields of New 
South Wales, but, from the distance no sign of stratified rocks could be 
discovered. 
Kiama was the first point where sedimentary strata, traversed apparently 
by dykes of so-called " older basalts," met the view ; they form part of 
the New South Wales coal-group. Here the Basalt relieves, with undula- 
ting slopes of rich agricultural soil, tlie usual sterile eharacter of a Carboni- 
ferous area. From Kiama to Sydney, cliffs of sandstones of the coal-group 
afford sections showing the gradual ascent into ui)per beds, the '* Hawkes- 
bury Series " of Clarke, on which Sydney stands. Crocodile Head, six 
miles north from Jarvis Bay, is n worthy subject for an artist's pencil, so 
picturesque is the grouping of these rocks at that particular point. From 
Sydney to Kewcastle, bold bluffs of the same formation give facility for 
studying this part of the series. From Neweastle to Stony Creek is but 
a short trip, and as there are sections on which Mr, Clarke bases his evi- 
dence of the Palajozoic age of part, at least, of the New South Wales 
coal-seams, it is one of the necessary pilgrimages for the wandering geolo- 
gist in search of truth. What I saw there I will state in as few words as 
possible. I saw three shafts on Mr. Kussell's estate — ladder-shaft, work- 
nig-shaft, and 2(X) ft. shaft. Ladder-shaft is 10 ft. below the level, and 
132 ft. west of working-shaft. Working-shaft is 9 ft. below the level, and 
360 ft. north-west of 200 ft. shaft. The dip of tlie strata is east (5^ south. 
Taking working-shaft as a pivot, ladder-shaft is G°, and "200 ft." shaft 39° 
ofl' the line of dip. lieducing these distances between the shafts to the 
corresponding distances on the dip, we have — ladder-shaft distant from 
working-shaft 132 ft. nearly, '* 200 ft." shaft distant from working-«jhaft 
280 ft. For details of the various strata passed through in these shafts 
see Clarke's ' Discoveries in Australia,' p. 53. Four coal-scams were cut 
in the several shafts. We may distinguish them as the o ft. 7 in. seam, 
splint seam, working seam, and bottom seam. Now the working seam, 
1^0. 16 and 18 of Clarke, is removed between ladder and working shafts. 
The top of this seam is struck in ladder-shaft at 21 ft. 4 in., and in work- 
ing-shaft at 92 ft. 4 in. The difference in level being 19 ft., will there- 
fore give a dip of 49 ft. in a horizontal distance of 132 ft., or the relation 
of perpendicular to base of l:2-7=dip of over 20°. As 5 ft. 7 in. seam 
crops at the surface of ladder-shaft, it will not afford safe data for calcula- 
tion of dip between it and working-shaft. In " working " shaft top of 5 ft. 
7 in. seam is met with at 60 ft. 9 in. from the surface, in " 2(X) ft." shaft at 
153 ft., or, subtracting 9 ft. for difference of level, at 114 ft. This 
gives a difference of 83 ft. 3 in. in 280 ft. horizontal distance, or the rela- 
tion of base to perpendicular 1: 3*363. In " working-shaft," bottom of 
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