50 
ZOOLOGY OF THE FAR EAST. 
Lanceolaria oxyrhncha (v. Martens). 
1861. Unto oxyrhynchus, v. Martens, Mai. Blatt. VII, p. 57. 
1879 Unio oxyrhynchus, Kobelt, Abh. Senckenber. nai. Ges. XI, p. 420, pi. xiii, figs. 3, 4. 
igoo. Nodularia oxyrhynchus, Simpson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. XXII, p. 807. 
191 1. Lanceolaria oxyrhyncha, Haas in Chemnitz, Syst. Conch. Cab. (new edition) IX, ii (2), 
p. 53, pi. iv, figs. I, 2. 
I have several small specimens from Lake Biwa. The species has been found 
only in Japan, but its distribution in that country is imperfectly known. 
Genus Nodularia, Conrad. 
i()ii. Nodularia, Haas, op. cit.. p. 65. 
I follow Haas as to the limits of the genus, from which he excludes all the Indian 
forms assigned to it by Simpson ' and Preston.' Thus restricted Nodularia includes 
only 20 species, all of which are found in Japan, China or the Indo-Chinese countries , 
or in more than one of these. 
Nodularia biwae (Kobelt). 
1879. Unio biwae, Kobelt, op. cit., p. 425, pi. xv, figs. 2-4. 
1911. Nodularia biwae, Haas, op. cit., p. 94, pi. ix, figs. 6-8, 
This species is only known from Lake Biwa, in which it is one of the commonest 
forms. It is found in water less than 100 feet deep. 
Nodularia reiniana, Kobelt. 
1879. Unio reinianus, Kobelt, op. cit., p. 424, pi. xv, fig. i. 
1911. Nodularia reiniana, Haas, op. cit., p. 97, pi. x, fig. i. 
According to Haas, this species is widely different from all others except N. hira- 
sei, which he thinks may be no m.ore than a lacustrine form of it. Both, however, 
occur in the lake. I have some reason to think that A^. reiniana lives in rather 
deeper water than A^. hirasei, or perhaps on a more muddy bottom, but my evidence 
is by no means conclusive. The shell of A^. reiniana, which is only known from Lake 
Biwa, seems to be peculiarly subject to erosion in the umbonal region. 
Nodularia japanensis (Lea). 
1879. Unio japanensis, Kobelt, op. cit., p. 423. pi. xii, figs, i, 2. 
1911. Nodularia japanensis, Haas, op. cit., p. 85, pi. viii, figs. 5-8. 
Haas has figured specimens from Lake Biwa and from Tokyo (Yedo). The series 
in my collection from the lake shows great variation both in sculpture and in outHne 
and seems to me to include forms intermediate between the forma typica and the 
variety yokohamensis , v. Jhering. The latter came from Yokohama, which is only a 
few miles from Tokyo. 
The species is common in Lake Biwa. According to Haas it is related to the 
polymorphic N. dougtasiae, various races of which are scattered in China and Japan. 
^ Faun, bri Ind., Fresho . Moll., pp. 135-148 (1015). 
' Op. cit., pp. 806-8-7 (1900). 
