30 ZOOLOGY OF THE FAR EAST. 
Localities.— The species was originally described, with Urnatella gracilis, from 
the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers near Philadelphia, U.S.A. My specimens were 
taken in a few feet of water at the mouth of the Moo-Too creek and in the north- 
west corner of the Tai-Hu (Great Lake) in the Kiangsu Province of China : December, 
1915- 
Paludicella pentagonalis, sp. nov. 
(PI. I, fig. 5-) 
The type-specimen of this peculiar little Polyzoon was attached to a piece of stick 
and was rather deeply buried in crevices between the ridges on the bark. It consisted 
of a single small colony apparently in a degenerate condition , and only a few of its 
zooecia and polypides are at all well preserved. I found it impossible, more- 
over, to gain more than a very general idea of the structure of the organism in situ 
and only succeeded in extracting and mounting two consecutive zooecia— evidently 
the two oldest zooecia in the colony— in such a condition as to illustrate their natural 
relationship one to another. Fortunately these two zooecia, and the polypides they 
contain, are well preserved, fully mature and in one case about to produce a resting 
Fig. 6. — Paludicella pentagonalis, sp. nov., x 35. 
Part of the type-colony- seen in oblique lateral view, 
ft. = base of lateral bud. /;. = resting bud. 
bud. Their peculiarities are so well marked that I do not hesitate to accept them as 
the type of a new species. 
Colony. The colony as observed consisted of a linear series of zooecia without 
lateral branches, but it is evident that lateral branches must have existed at some 
period in the history of the organism as the bases of the lateral buds can still be 
detected in mounted zooecia. Not more than half a dozen zooecia in all were pre- 
sent. The colony seems to have arisen from an embryo or bud that gave rise to two 
zooecia that were orientated in opposite directions (fig. 6). 
Zooecia. The ectocyst of the zooecia is perfectly colourless and hyaline except 
on the orificial tubules, on which it is yellowish and considerably thickened. The 
zooecia are variable in shape and proportions but always flattened, relatively broad 
and more or less produced and narrowed proximally. They do not exceed 12 mm. 
in length. 
The orifice is distinctly pentagonal. The orificial tubule is relatively long and 
subcircular in cross-section below the orifice. Its ectocyst sometimes exhibits a ten- 
dency to flake in such a way as to produce slender irregular processes that stand up 
