Aquatic Oligochaeta from Japan and China. 
89 
Fam. TUBIFICIDAE. 
Branchiura sowenbyi, Beddard. 
Channel S. of Tong Dong Ding, Tai-Hu, Kiangsii Province, China: 175 metres. Several 
specimens. 
Ditches near Kyoto, Japan (along with Limnodrilus socialis), one complete and two incomplete 
specimens. 
The anatomy of this interesting form is now well known ; besides the original 
description of Beddard, there are accounts by Michaelsen (13), Stephenson (16, 17), 
and Keyl (7). Remarks on its affinities may conveniently be subjoined to the dis- 
cussion under Kawamuria. 
Dr. Annandale informs me that in the Tai-Hu, which may have been formerly 
connected with the sea, though now forty miles away and with no direct connecting 
channel, the water is quite fresh ; but notwithstanding, the only worm taken in the 
open part was a Polychaete. The specimens of Branchiura were dredged in a narrow 
channel between two islands, where vegetation was much more abundant. 
The curious fact may be noted that B. sowerhyi and Limnodrilus socialis were 
found in the same pool in Lahore (16), that I received specimens of both on the same 
day from Calcutta, both having been taken within the precincts of the Museum (17), 
and that now they are again found together in the same tube from Kyoto. 
Kawamuria japonica gen. et sp. nov. 
L. Biwa, Japan ; the deepest point in the lake, near Chikubushima, 320 ft., on a bottom of fine 
mud. Numerous specimens, nearly all immature and many fragmentary. 
The same place; near White Rocks in central part of the lake; 260 ft., on a bottom of mud 
with fragments of shell. A number of specimens, mostly fragments, and immature. 
Immature Tubificids from the following stations on the lake are probably to be referred to 
the same species : — 
Channel between N. and S. Lakes, 6 — 27 ft. ; bottom of soft mud with a certain amount of 
weed. 
Off Komatsu, near middle of lake, 250 ft. ; bottom of firm mud, no weed. 
External Features. 
Length of a complete specimen about 50 mm. ; thickness i mm. The worms are 
squarish in transverse section, with the setae at the angles. The anterior part of the 
body is yellowish and opaque ; behind the genital region the worm is darker, pro- 
bably due to the thinner body-wall allowing the intestinal contents to modify the 
colour. The genital products appear as yellowish masses as far back as segment xviii. 
The prostomium is bluntly triangular. A number of the anterior segments are 
more or less distinctly bi- or triannulate. 
The clitellum includes the posterior third of segment x and the whole of xi and 
xii. 
On segment xi are seen two pores, each encircling the base of a penis, which 
projects as a somewhat irregular semitransparent bladder-like sac. Each penis is 
