Batrachia. 
137 
warts on its back. It is also the only species in which the whole of the ventral sur- 
face is suffused with dark pigment. This pigment is in some specimens marbled. 
There is always a longitudinal glandular ridge running the whole length of the back 
on each side. In the young frog in which the tail has not yet disappeared, the ridge 
is represented by a series of glandular warts. These are quite absent in R. vicina at 
this same stage. 
R. liehigii seems to live chiefly at altitudes near the snow-line in the Eastern 
Himalayas. There is a specimen in the Indian Museum said to be from Ajmere, but 
this locality is probably incorrect. 
Rana vicina, Stoliczka. 
187 1. Rana gammiei (in part), Anderson, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, XL, p. 21. 
1872. Rana vicina, Stoliczka, Proc. As. Soc. Bengal, p. 130. 
1890. Rana liebigii (in part), Boulenger, Faun. Brit. Ind., Rept., p. 445. 
1892. Rana vicina, R. assamensis and R. liebigii (in part), Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 
PP- 342, 343. pl- xxiv, figs. I, 2. 
1909. Rana vicina, R. liehigii (in part), Annaudale. Rec. Ind. Mus. Ill, p. 282. 
1912. Rana liebigii, id., Rec. Ind. Mus. VIII, p. 8. 
1913. Rana liebigii, Boulenger, Rec. Ind. Mus. IX, p. 337. 
It is to this frog that the name R. liehigii has been most commonly applied in 
recent years, but it is a smaller, slighter and smoother species than the true R. leibigii 
and is well distinguished by its coloura- 
tion by the vestigial or rudimentary nature 
of its lateral glandular folds and by the 
secondary sexual characters of the male. 
The type of Sclater 's Rana assamensis has 
disappeared, but there are specimens in 
the Indian Museum that agree precisely 
with his figure, as well as others that 
provide a complete transition to the type 
of Stoliczka 's R. vicina, which is still ex- 
tant. The latter specimen is soft and 
faded and the apparent shape of the snout 
is evidently not quite natural. The dark, 
pale-edged line down each side of the 
back usually so conspicuous (see Sclater' s 
fig. 2) has disappeared, and the feet are 
mutilated. Vent of breeding male ( x 2) with papillae ( x 16). 
The most peculiar features of this species 
are the condition of the lateral fold and the secondary sexual character of the 
breeding male. At first sight, especially in specimens preserved in spirit, there often 
appears to be a well-developed fold, extending all along each side of the back, 
but a closer examination proves that this is an optical delusion due to the arrang e 
Fig. 4. — R. vicina. 
