ZOOLOGY OF THE FAR EAST. 
ment of the dark lines to which I have already referred. The glandular structure, 
which is always fully developed, is strictly confined to the anterior third of the 
back. 
In the breeding male there is no thickening of the arms and inner finger and 
no production of spines either on the fore limbs or on the chest, but round the 
vent there is formed a peculiar cutaneous flap of almost circular outline and covered 
with small papillae, each of which bears a short retroverted spine (fig. 4). 
The natural colour of the back is dark brown. The sides, below the dorso- 
lateral streak, are paler. The throat is faintly suffused w^th dark pigment, but 
the belly is yellowish and immaculate. There is usually a dark cross-bar between 
the posterior extremities of the eye-lids but this is sometimes reduced to a spot on 
either side. There is a broad dark mark on each .side of the head behind the eyes 
and the lips, and limbs are conspicuously barred. A few indistinctly developed 
prominences are sometimes present on the back and sides but, speaking generally, 
the skin is smoother than that of the allied species; it is never spinose except on 
the anal flap of the male. 
The species is probably distributed throughout the Himalayas at moderate 
altitudes; its range extends eastwards into Assam and probably into Burma. 
The following specimens are preserved in the collection of the Indian Museum : — 
9147 (TYPE) . . . . Murree, Punjab . . . . Dr. F. Stoliczka. 
9579 .. .. Sikhim .. .. .. Maj. Sherwill (A.vS.B.). 
9172 . . . . Darjiling, E. Himalayas . . J. Gammie. 
14292-3 . . . . Kurseong . . E. Barlow. 
Rana gammici, Anderson, 
1871. Rana gammiei (in part), Anderson, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, XL, p. 21. 
1892. Rana liebigii (in part), Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 343. 
In describing R. gammiei Anderson confused two species, for while one of his 
type-specimens is undoubtedly an example of R. vidua, the others represents a dis- 
tinct species closely allied to the one to which Boulenger subsequently gave the name 
R. hlanfordii. This has naturally led to confusion, to which I fear that I have myself 
contributed. 
R. gammiei may be distinguished at once from R. vicina by the presence on its 
back of small scattered warts each of which bears a minute spinule. The stature is 
also smaller, the figure slighter and the colouration of the body very different, the 
dorsal surface bearing numerous large blackish spots and blotches, while both the 
throat and chest are blotched with dark pigment. The secondary sexual characters 
of the male are those of R. liebigii and R. stemosignata , and there is no cutane- 
ous anal flap, though the skin round the vent is distinctly tuberculate in the 
type. 
There is a short almost linear longitudinal glandular area in the parotoid 
region. 
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