Crustacea Decapoda and Stomatopoda. 
271 
tion are from Kyoto and Sapporo and reach a length of about 54 mm. Miss Rathbun ' 
has remarked that examples from the sea are larger than those from fresh water, 
attaining a length of 66 ^ mm. Dr. Annandale' s specimens from Lake Biwa are, however, 
considerably larger than any that she examined from that locality. 
According to an excellent colour sketch, made by Dr. T. Kawamura of the Otsu 
laboratory, living specimens are closely mottled with dull olive green with a dark 
posterior border to each abdominal somite. On either side of the carapace are three 
characteristic dark lines ; two of these are on the branchiostegal wall- and are nearly 
vertical, converging a little as they approach the inferior margin ; the third extends 
obliquely downwards and forwards from the cardiac region, running between the 
two other lines at its lower end. The articulations of all the leg segments are tinged 
with yellow ; there are dark patches at the base of the pleopods and at the tip of each 
uropod there is a large pale spot bordered with purplish brown. Dr. Annandale notes 
that specimens from bare ground, either in deep or shallow water, were aLnost colour- 
less, though still retaining traces of the characteristic markings on the carapace. Ex- 
amples with the deepest colouration were found among dense weed at a depth of 
about 10 ft. 
The species forms one of the most important commercial products of Lake Biwa, 
being caught near Otsu in very large numbers in small basket traps. 
De Man has given a list of the localities from which Leander paucidens has been 
recorded. It is evidently abundant in all parts of Japan, and is known from Hokkaido 
.and the Kurile Is. Miss Rathban has recorded it from Fusan in Korea. 
Genus Palacmonetes, Heller. 
191 1. Allocaris, Sollaud, Bull. Mus. d'Hist. nat. Paris, p. 50. 
1913. Allocaris, synonymous with Palaemoneles, Pesta, Ann. K.-K. Hofmnszums Wisn, 
XXVI 1, p. 9. 
1914. Coutierella, Sollaud, Bull. Soc. zool. France, XXXIX, p 318. 
A small Palaemonid, obtained by Dr. Annandale in fresh water in the vicinity of 
Shanghai, is without doubt identical with that d^scrib^d by SoUaui uidsr the name 
Allocaris sinensis. The new genus created for this species differs from Palaemoneles 
only in two points, — the wide separation of the coxal and basal segments of the first 
maxillipedes and the greater number of plumose setae at the apex of the telson. 
Sollaud was apparently so impressed with the importance of these characters that 
he regarded Allocaris sinensis as the representative of an isolated branch which 
had evolved independently of all other Palaemonid ae. His views, however, have been 
severely criticised by Pesta, who regirds Allocaris as a synonym of Palaemoneles and 
has even expressed the opinion that A . sinensis is nothing more than a local race of the 
European P. varians. No two views could possibly be more divergent. 
In reference to the characters noted above, Pesta has shown that the form of the 
first maxillipede is very variable in Palaemoneles varians, in some cases bearing 
an exceedingly close resemblaice to thit of Allocaris, wh'.le th2 number of setae at the 
1 Rathbun, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXVI, p 51 (1902). 
