524 
ZOOLOGY OF THE FAR EAST. 
As a result of my examination of the type of C. transversa von Martens, 
ovalis Reinhardt and C. doenitziana Clessin, I have come to the conclusion that all 
of them belong to the same species. From the description and figure of C. yokoha- 
maensis Sowerby, I am of opinion, that this species is also synonymous with von 
Martens' s species. Unfortunately the type of this latter species, which ought to have 
been in the British Museum, London, could not, inspite of careful search, be found. 
C. transversa, as Clessin rightly pointed out, has nothing to do with Prime's 
C. ovalis. Reinhardt was led to calling his own specimens, and those of von Martens's 
C. transversa, C. ovalis by comparison with a specimen in the Paetel collection labelled 
as such, and now preserved in the Berlin Museum. This specimen, which I have seen, 
is not a Japanese shell, and is, like many other specimens in the Paetel collection, 
wrongly labelled. Prime's unique type-shell of C. ovalis of unknown habitat, from 
the Cuming collection is preserved in the British Mu.seum, London. It is a sub-equi- 
lateral shell with very fine ribs regularly arranged on the outer surface, and inspite of 
the eroded shell, it shows a fairly prominent umbo. The Yokohama shells on the 
other hand are markedly inequilateral with the posterior side drawn out into a beak- 
shaped area, irregularly ribbed, the ribs rather strong and ro.uch fewer in number ; the 
interspaces much broader and the umbones somewhat depressed. Pilsbry ' wrongh^ 
attributes this species to Clessin, and, quite ignoring Clessin's remarks, still considers 
it as being the same as Prime's C. ovalis. 
This species is rather rare, and the only shells I have seen are the type-shells of 
von Martens and Clessin, and those referred to in Reinhardt' s paper {loc. cit.). 
Relationships : — The species is allied to C. leana Prime and C. atrata Reinhardt, 
but is easily distinguished by its shape, sculpture and the depressed umbones. 
Corbicula sandai Reinhardt. 
(Plate XXII, figs. 1-5.) 
1878. Corbicula Sandai, Reinhardt, 0/). cii., p. 187. pi. v, fig. 2. 
1878. Corbicula Sandai, Clessin, op. cit., p. 193, pi. xxxviii. figs. 11, 12. 
i87q. Cyrena Sandai, Kobelt, op. cit., p. 437, pi. xx, fig. 3. 
1907. Corbicula sandai and C. viola, Pilsbry, Annot. Zool. Japon. VI, pp. 157, 158, pi. vii, 
figs. 17-18, 7-10. 
1916. Corbicula sandai and C. viola, Annandale, Mem. As. Soc. Bengal. VI, p. 51, pi. iii, 
figs. 10-12. 
An examination of Reinhardt' s type-shells and large numbers of shells of this 
species in various collections mentioned in the introduction and a paratype of 
(.. viola Pilsbry has resulted in my uniting viola with sandai. Pilsbry's observations 
regarding the distinguishing characters of C. viola from C. sandai are not correct; his 
statement " differing from C. japonensis and C. sandai by the development of ribs 
over the whole median portion of the valves " is not bourne out either by Reinhardt' s 
description or his type- shells. In the Latin diagnosis of the .species he says "costis 
Pilsbry, Annot. Zool. Japou. VI, p. 154 (1907). 
