— 41 — 
inside the roU o£ liver (figure 4). (Figures 3 and 4 are reproduced 
on a scale hal£ that o£ figures 1 and 2.) 
Conclusion. 
The outstanding feature of ail thèse manipulations practised 
during the 21st dynasty is the obvions intention o£ the enibalmers 
to restore to the body the form it had during life, to make the skin 
complète and also to give to the whole mummy not only the form 
but the appearance o£ the person as lie was in li£e. " Aile (deine) 
Glieder sind embalsamirt in der Halle des [ ] von dem Hirsescht 
Amihis als ein embalsamirer, dem Herrn der Tie£e von Toser. Er 
machte wohl dein Fleisch, er [ ] deine Haut, er conserviste 
(deine) Gebeine, er liess aile deine Glieder verjiingen in Westen" 
(Brugsch's translation of the Rhind Papyri, op. cit. su2)ra, -p. 2o). 
ïhese opérations were performed quite regardless of sex or 
âge. I have found the limbs stufEed in men and women, in boys 
and girls, and even in a new-born babe. 
In most cases the intention is clearly shown of making as few 
openings as possible on the surface of the body. Thus the legs 
were stuffed from the abdominal cavity, the back froin the flank 
wound,the neck from the body cavity ; and so in respect of most 
of the packing opérations, the embalmer was willing to attempt 
manipulations of very great technical difïiculty rather than make 
extra skin wounds for the purpose of stufïing the body directly. 
But at times this gênerai rule was departed from ; as, for example, 
in the case of the mummy represented in Pl. Y, where incisions 
were made in such unusual places as the back of the shoulders, 
the buttocks, the elbows and knees. In the case of the new born 
baby it was apparently difïicult or impossible to pack the right 
leg from the opening made in the body cavity (in the left iliac 
région) so a second opening was made on the right side and 
through it linen was passed into the leg as far as the calf. 
6 
