— 11 — 
and 20th dynasties. On the other hand it may have been merely 
the resuit o£ a graduai évolution o£ technique : the appréciation 
o£ the improved appearance of the face in mummies (o£ the 19th 
and 20th dynasties) whose cheeks had been stuffed with linen 
may have naturally sug'gested the attenipt to deal in an analogous 
manner with the rest o£ the body. 
Or again it may have been an innovation dehberately introduced 
to combine in one object the corruptible body and the /r«-statue 
which both separately represented the deceased in earlier tombs. 
In a memoir presented to the Institut ten years ago Dr.Fouquet 
for the first time called attention to the stuffing of mummies in 
the following words : — "Le cou, les bras, les jambes sont bourrés 
de la même composition (limon, tantôt sans mélange, tantôt mêlé«î 
à des débris de linge et à des poudres aromatiques) que le ventre, 
mais on n'y trouve jamais de débris végétaux ^ ". Dr. Fouquet's 
investigations were made on the same material which I have 
made the subject o£ the présent communication ; but since his 
work was accomplished the mummies have been transferred by 
M. Maspero, Director General of the Service des Antiquités to the 
Anatomical Muséum of the Cairo School of Medicine ; and, as the 
resuit, I have had much greater freedom in examining the 
spécimens than Dr. Fouquet could have enjoyed. Apart from 
the mere fact that the limbs were packed with foreign material 
there is little in the report of M. Fouquet (or the two experts — 
chemical and medico-legal— who advised him) with which I can 
agrée. 
I can find no évidence whatever to justify the statements that 
the muscles of the limbs and back were ever extracted as M. Fouquet 
describes (^op. cit., pp. 93 and 94); nor is there any '•'■ablation des 
yeux'''' (p. 94). Nor is it correct to say that the packing of the 
' Dr. Fouquet, " Xute pour servir à l'hiMoire de reiiilui iimemc/it en Eyiipte, " Bulletin 
de l'Institut Égyptien, Troisième Série— N» 7 Année 1896, ISOT, p. 93. 
