Vertehroid Homologies of the Cranium in Vertebralia. 61 
country, by Grant, Owen and a host of liis followers, and 
not disputed till lately by Huxley, in his lectures to the 
Eoyal College of Surgeons, first reported as they were de- 
livered, but without his revisal, in " The Lancet," and now 
being published in the Medical Times," arranged and cor- 
rected by himself. One object of the talented Professor 
seems to be the repudiation of the Gloethe-Oken vertebrate 
theory of the cranium. Their brilliant inspiration, if it were 
no farther tenable than giving a good and clear orderly 
sequence of arrangement of the multitudinous collection of 
variously shaped bones, could have been profitably used by 
Professor Huxley in rendering his excellent lectures more 
lucid, and thus adding another tribute to the illustrious 
Germans above named, while he could have introduced the 
later discoveries of Eathke, Eeichart, Hallman, and his own, 
with more advantage to the farther advancement of this 
very important theory. 
It is much to be regretted that he did not follow up the 
vertebral argument more completely. There are some parts 
of the subject where development would be useful in the 
establishment of homology, still it is not always to be de- 
pended upon. Nor are we always to expect that those 
bones which appear in the mature cranium as single may 
not arise from more than one ossific centre. Owen has 
remarked the danger of development multiplying the num- 
ber of bones by the number that appeared in the foetal condi- 
tion of the mammal, or in the lower skeleton of the fishes. 
The temporal bone, anthropotomically described, is a 
marked instance of this, and consists of a vast number not 
only of osseous elements but distinct members of the skelon. 
The human temporal zone supporting the maxilla, or lower 
jaw, is formed by the squamous plate and zygoma, as far back 
as the middle of the glenoid cavity, bounded by the glasserian 
fissure, all the rest of the bone being connected with the 
basi-otic vertebra — the pro-otic or petrous bone forming the 
pedicle of the petro-parietal neur-arc, having the mastoid 
process as the tuber lamellae, while the hyp-otic, extending 
outwards to the digastric mammilla is the tuber lamellfe of 
the wormi-otic neur-arc. The interval between these is 
