On the Rise of the Shores of the Firth of Forth. 287 
material and style characterise it as medioeval." Now, this 
fact is one of some value. The age of the building under 
which the jar was found could not be earlier than 1544, as 
during its removal were found portions of the cloister win- 
dows of old South Leith Church, destroyed by the English 
army under the Earl of Hertford in that year, and used, as 
was too often the case, as a quarry for a new erection. Thus 
w^e find that Mr Geikie's bed, No. 2, was used as a founda- 
tion after 1544, when his Roman bed, No. 5, was still in 
nuhibus, its sour-milk pipkins and tobacco pipes still but 
clay, not yet having yielded to the hands of the potter, until 
the year 1814. 
Leaving Leith we direct our steps and observation to- 
wards the west, that is, up the river; and within three- 
quarters of a mile from the old bridge of the port, we come 
to what was wont to be called the Man-trap, half way be- 
tween Leith and Newhaven. Here may be seen a fine section 
of tlie boulder-clay, 20 feet in thickness, over which lies 
shingle and sand, yet not a trace of the remains of even one 
marine shell. How comes it, we ask the supporters of the 
rise of the shores of the Forth, that these were omitted in 
this deposit, and only a single fresh-water shell obtained by 
a friend in our investigation of this most salient point, so 
important either to prove, or to disprove, the theory of 
which Sir Charles Lyell has become the advocate ? 
The next proof of the rise of the shores of the Firth of 
Forth is Cramond; it was occupied by the Romans as a 
harbour, and called Alaterva. Of this station Mr Geikie 
says : — " The coins, urns, sculptured stones, and other re- 
mains which have been found so numerously at Cramond, 
fully attest its ancient importance. The remnants of a 
harbour has also been detected here. It is greatly to be 
regretted, however, that in these, as in other instances of 
archaeological discovery along the coast, no record appears 
to have been kept of the exact spots on which the remains 
were found. We only know that the quays which the 
Romans built along the sea margin have been found on 
what is now good dry land. No relic of the Roman period 
is now visible here. A rock, indeed, called the ' Eagle Rock, 
