On Double or Vertical Herma'phrodism in a God Fish. 301 
about 2 J inches across the artificially expanded lobes. These 
lobular masses communicated on all sides with the oviduct 
which passed through them, by numerous small openings 
of tubes, apparently extending outwards into the lobes of 
the milt. On examining with a microscope of low power 
the mass of the roe, numerous small but apparently perfect 
ova were distinctly visible ; and on examining the milt 
with a power of 480 diameters, distinct rounded or oval- 
shaped bodies of small size were seen in great numbers, but 
showing no appearance of tails, or cells. 
This specimen is therefore an instance of what has been 
designated true hermaphrodism, certain of the male and 
female organs being blended together in the same individual. 
Only in it the generative organs on one side of the body, 
the left, are apparently perfectly female ; and on the other 
they appear to be combined female and male. It may, 
therefore, be described as an instance of complex, double, or 
vertical hermaphrodism, as it has been designated. 
Dr Smith referred for further information on the general 
subject to the learned and elaborate paper on Hermaphro- 
dism in all its varieties, by Professor J. Y. Simpson, in 
" Todd's Cyclopsedia of Anatomy," 1839, vol. ii. 
Professor Simpson says : — " Various instances, however, 
are on record of fishes know^n to be normally bisexual, 
presenting from abnormal development a lateral hermaphro- 
dictic structure, or a roe on one side and a milt on the other. 
Such a hermaphrodictic malformation has been met with in 
the genera Salmo, GaduSy and Gyprinus, and in the Merlangus 
vulgaris, Acipenser Jiuso, and Usox lucius." 
The references given to these recorded instances of her- 
maphrodism in fish, strange to say, are apparently all to 
various foreign journals. 
This instance differed, however, from any of the cases 
here referred to, and was a distinct instance of complex or 
vertical hermaphrodism, and Dr Smith had not been able 
to find any example of this hermaphrodism in the cod fish, 
recorded in any British periodical or publication. 
He had, therefore, much pleasure in presenting this 
apparently rare specimen to the Anatomical Museum of the 
