68 THE YOUNG 
be sawed from the same plank and the same 
way with those of the bottom. 
For the sides get two boards 14 inches 
wide and 16 feet long; and for the bottom 
two boards at least 15^ feet long by 17 
inches wide. Laying down one of the bot- 
tom boards on an even floor, select two 
points (A and B, Fig. 5) 14 feet apart, the 
edge having been previously straightened 
and squared. Midway between these two 
points, as at C, scribe or draw a line square 
across from this edge, and mark a point, D, 
16^ inches back from the edge, A, B. In 
the same way locate the point E 6 inches 
back from the point A. The points B, D 
Fig. 4.— STERN VIEW. 
and E being determined, stand the second 
bottom board on edge upon the first; bend 
it (dry) so that its lower outside edge passes 
through B, D and E. Then the curved 
board being held only at these points, mark 
the flat board around the outside of the 
curved one. 
You now have the form of one-half of the 
bottom, A, B, D, E, which may be sawed 
out with a narrow cross-cut saw; and then, 
being trimmed with a smoothing plane, it 
may be used as a template or pattern for 
marking out the other half. 
Laying these two bottom boards together, 
edge and edge, they will have the appear- 
ance of B, D, E, F, G (Fig. 5), which will 
be practically the same as the ground plan 
of the bottom, as shown in Fig. 2. 
To be continued, 
» 
Popular Fallacies. 
WE find the following paragraph going 
the rounds of the papers, and occu- 
pying a prominent place in the ''Science 
SCIENTIST. 
Columns" of the religious and secular 
weeklies: 
What the Micboscope Eeveals. — 
1. Mold is a forest of beautiful trees, with 
branches, leaves and fruit. 
2. Butterflies are fully feathered. 
3. Hairs are hollow tubes. 
4. The surface of our bodies is covered 
with scales like a fish ; a single grain of sand 
would cover one hundred and fifty of these 
scales, and yet a scale covers five hundred 
pores. Through these narrow openings the 
perspiration forces itself like water through 
a sieve. 
5. Each drop of stagnant water contains 
a world of living creatures, swimming with 
as much liberty as whales in the sea. 
6. Each leaf has a colony of insects graz- 
ing it, like cows in a meadow. 
It would be difficult to string together a 
series of sentences containing more errors. 
We have numbered each sentence, so as to 
refer to it with greater ease. 
1. Mold is very beautiful, but the last 
thing to which it can be compared is a for- 
est with leaves. Mold has no leaves. 
2. Butterflies have no feathers. They are 
covered with scales, and these scales bear 
no resemblance to feathers. 
3. Hairs are not "hollow" tubes. (Did 
the writer of the above ever see a tube that 
was not hollow?) Hairs are much more 
solid than a piece of ordinary wood. The 
popular mistake of supposing that hairs are 
tubes arose from the fact that every polished 
cylinder shows a bright streak down the 
centre when viewed as an opaque object. 
A common lead pencil shows this well. 
4. The scales which cover our bodies are 
considerably difl'erent from fish scales. 
5. This statement is more nearly true 
than any of those which have preceded it,^ 
and yet in regard to most stagnant water it 
is grossly exaggerated. 
6. As regards the majority of leaves, the- 
last statement is ridiculous. The expression, 
'•grazing it, like cows in a meadow," is de- 
cidedly rich and laughable. Insects gener- 
ally eat the leaf itself, they do not " graze 
it." But if the leaves are from healthy 
trees, our young friends may examine thou- 
sands of leaves with the microscope with- 
out finding a "colony of insects." 
I 
