THE YOUNG SCIENTIST. 
81 
much cheaper coutrivance is to simply screw 
two stout screw eyes, one above and the 
other below the lugs in the end of the keel 
brace, and for a pivot passing clear 
through all, a stout and snugly-fitting 
wire, with one end turned over to keep it 
from falling through. The rudder is thus 
enabled to swing freely, and is both sup- 
ported and prevented from rising as the 
boat sinks. 
All joints should be made in white lead, 
and all hardware galvanized, if obtainable. 
If galvanized screws cannot be procured, 
each one used should be first put into its 
place, then removed, and, after filling the 
hole with white lead, again "sent home." 
Einish up the stem piece, leaving it from 
one-quarter to five-sixteenths of an inch 
wide at the point. 
After completion, give the boat two or 
three coats of raw oil, allowing each a suf- 
ficient time to dry before applying the next. 
For the protection of the stem post and 
joints at the bow, it is advisable, though 
not absolutely necessary to cover them with 
a single piece of pliable galvanized sheet 
iron, as shown in Fig. 1. 
If ordinary care be taken in making the 
nailed joints, there should be no occasion 
for caulking after they have had a fair 
chance to swell shut. If found necessary, 
however, it should be done with the great- 
est care, as a caulking tool of any descrip- 
tion is apt to draw the nails and make a 
worse leak than before. Give your boat 
one good coat of good paint, and this, to- 
gether with the oil, will be of more service 
than a half dozen poor ones. 
The following estimate of cost is based 
upon present New York city prices: 
77 feet half-inch white pine, planed both sides $3.85 
4 feet |-inch, for seats, planed one side, and 
materials for stem and stern pieces 30 
32 feet molding 38 
Oak batting and knees, sawed out 25 
Hardware , 1.00 
Pair oars, 8 feet 1,50 
Forging outrigger, rowlock, stern stay-bolt, 
and keel brace 1,25 
Paint, oil and white lead 1.19 
Total $9.63 
THE 
YOUNG SCIENTIST. 
PUBLISHED MONTHLY. 
Terms — Fifty Cents per year. Postage free to 
all parts of the United States and Canada, except New 
Tork City . Our absurd postal laws make the charge for 
delivering our journal to subscribers in New York city 
five times as great as that required for transporting it 
across the continent, and delivering it to subscribers 
in San Francisco or New Orleans. We are therefore 
compelled to charge our New York subscribers 12 cents 
extra. 
20 oiD YE a USE as. 
The Young Scientist has been received with so much 
favor that its circulation is already greater than that of 
any other monthly Scientific or Mechanical journal pub- 
lished in the city of New York, with the exception of the 
Popular Science Monthly. It goes into the best fam- 
ilies, and has their confidence. No clap-trap adver- 
tisements, OR advertisements of patent medicines 
RECEIVED AT ANY PRICE. 
Advertising Rates— 30 cents per line, nonpariel 
measure. 
All Communications should be addressed to 
THE YOUNG SCIENTIST, 
P. O. Box 4875. 176 Broadway, New York. 
4®" For Club Rates, etc., see Prospectus. 
Our Trial Trip. 
TN offering four numbers for a trial trip 
^ for 15 cents, our object is to give to 
those who are interested an opportunity to 
examine the journal more fully than can be 
done by the inspection of a single number. 
Our rule is to send the four numbers at 
once, and the numbers that are sent vary 
from month to month, being always the last 
four that 'have been issued. 
As it is inconvenient to keep book ac- 
counts of these small transactions, those 
who remit the remainder of the yearly sub- 
scription are requested to state what num- 
bers have been previously sent. 
The Study of Natural History. 
ri^HE study of natural history always has 
a special fascination for young people. 
Plants, insects, fishes, birds, all have pe- 
culiar charms, and when we come to know 
their names and something of their habits, 
they seem to us like familiar acquaintances 
