134 
THE YOUNG SCIENTIST. 
THE 
YOUNG SCIENTIST. 
PUBLISHED MONTHLY. 
Tebms — Fifty Cents per year. 4®- Postage free to 
All parts of the United States and Canada, except New 
Tork City . Our absurd postal laws make the charge for 
delivering our journal to subscribers in New York city 
^ve times as great as that required for transporting it 
across the continent, and delivering it to subscribers 
in San Francisco or New Orleans. We are therefore 
•compelled to charge our New York subscribers 12 cents 
extra. 
The YoTjNG Scientist has been received with so much 
favor that its circulation is already greater than that of 
any other monthly Scientific or Mechanical journal pub- 
lished in the city of New York, with the exception of the 
Popular Sciencn Monthly. It goes into the best fam- 
ilies, and has their confidence. No clap-tkap adveb- 
TISEMENTS, OB ADVEBTISEMENTS OF PATENT MEDICINES 
BECEIVED AT ANT PEICE. 
Advebtising Kates— 30 cents per line, nonpariel 
measure. 
All Communications should be addressed to 
THE YOUNG SCIENTIST, 
P. O. Box 4875. 176 Broadway, New York. 
J8Sg" For Club Rates, etc., see Pbospeotus. 
Our Trial Trip. 
TN oftering four numbers as a trial trip 
for 15 cents, our object is to give to 
those who are interested an opportunity to 
examine the journal more fully than can be 
done by the inspection of a single number. 
Our rule is to send the four numbers at 
once, and the numbers that are sent vary 
from month to month, being always the last 
four that have been issued. As we keep no 
book accounts of these small transactions, 
those who remit the remainder of the yearly 
isubscription are requested to state what 
numbers have been previously sent. 
A Liberal Offer. 
AS an acknowledgment of past liberality 
on their part, and an incentive to 
future efiforts on our behalf, we shall give 
liis own copy for 1879 free to every sub- 
scriber who is now on our books and who 
mil send us the names of two new sub- 
scribers and $1.00. That is to say, we will, 
to each of our present subscribers, give 
three copies for one dollar. 
What we are Doing. 
E give in this number the first of a 
series of notes on the celestial objects 
that may be seen during the following 
month. This will enable our young friends 
to watch the bright winter skies with a 
deeper interest than even their extraordin- 
ary beauty can call forth. We also begin a 
series of articles on wood-carving, which 
we think will enable many of our readers 
to take up an art which in some depart- 
ments is quite simple and easily learned. 
Next month we shall, in addition to other 
valuable matter, give the first instalment 
of an article on Modeling in Clay, by Miss 
Samuels. This article will surprise many 
of our readers by its simplicity. Modeling 
in clay is generally regarded as a very dif- 
ficult art, and one requiring a long ap- 
I prenticeship before even the most common- 
j place results can be attained. Miss Sam- 
uels shows how, even from the beginning, 
very fair work may be turned out by a little 
patience and care. 
As we stated some months ago, it requires 
considerable time, and a great deal of labor 
and money to bring a journal like ours up 
to tbe ideal which we have set before us. 
No other journal of the kind has ever been 
published to our knowledge, and conse- 
quently there is nothing which we can take 
for a pattern. But from the liberal encour- 
agement which we have received, we feel 
assured that there is a well-defined want for 
such a periodical, and we are determined to 
use our best endeavors to supply it. 
Hints on Filing. 
Preparing Work. — The corners or thin edges 
of iron castings are very likely to become 
chilled, and a thin scale or skin produced over 
the entire surface of the casting, caused by the 
hot metal coming in contact with the moist 
sand of the foundry moulds; this outer skin is 
usually much harder than the metal beneath 
it, and many times the thin edges or corners 
are chilled so as to be harder even than the file 
itself. 
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