THE YOUNO SCIENTIST. 
147 
ings; and a smaller glass of the snow-capped 
poles. 
At and near quadrature, and for fifty 
days before and after opposition, Mars pre- 
sents a gibbous phase, which is easily seen 
with a telescope having an aperture of two 
inches. 
He is now a morning star, and rises as 
follows: 
1st — 5h. 19m., morning. 
10th — 5h. 13m., morning. 
20th — 5h. 9m., morning. 
30th— 5h. 3m., morning. 
On the 1st he rises about 6° north of the 
sunrise point. He is moving eastward 
among the stars of the constellation Virgo, 
and will be very near the brilliant star, 
Spica Virginis during the latter part of the 
month, being 2° 58' north of it. He will be 
in conjunction with the moon Nov. 22, 
being about 6° north. 
Jupiter presents the best field for the 
amateur of all celestial objects, and is one 
of the easiest to observe. When near op- 
position, and his maximum northern de- 
cUnation, his brilliancy is not excelled by 
that of Venus when brightest, which is the 
only planet which ever exceeds him in 
brightness. 
His four satellites may be seen with a 
good opera-glass. We have seen it stated 
that the two outer ones have been seen with 
the naked eye, but we doubt it. The ob- 
jects seen must have been small stars in the 
vicinity of the planet. His moons are 
always to be seen nearly in a straight line 
with the planet, extending east and west. 
Sometimes all four will be on one side, two 
on each side, or three on one and one on 
the other. One, two, or even three, may 
be invisible at once, being eclipsed, oc- 
culted, or in the act of making a transit. 
An opera-glass will answer to observe an 
eclipse or occultation with, but it requires 
a telescope of two-inch aperture to see the 
shadow of a satellite make a transit across 
the planet's disc, and a three-inch instru- 
ment to see the satellite itself while in tran- 
sit. The inner two transit and are occulted 
by the planet at each revolution around 
Jupiter; the third may occasionally pass 
very close to his northern or southern limb, 
while the fourth is frequently seen during 
an entire revolution, 
Jupiter is an evening star, and sets as 
follows: 
1st — lOh. 8m., evening. 
10th— 9h. 38m., evening. 
20th — 9h. 6m., evening. 
30th— 8h. 35m., evening. 
He is moving eastward very near the 
eastern limit of the constellation Sagittar- 
ius, and will be very near the moon on the 
28th, being about the moon's apparent di- 
ameter south of her. 
The visible phenomena of his satellites 
for November are : 
Satellite I, begins a transit at Jupiter's 
eastern limb, Nov. 1, 7h. 11m., evening; is 
followed by its shadow at 8h. , 29m. , even- 
ing, and emerges at 9h. 31m., evening. Be- 
gins transits also at 9h. 9m., evening of 9th; 
and at 7h. 37m., evening of 24th; and com- 
pletes one at 7h. 57m. , evening of 17th. 
Reappears from an eclipse at the east of the 
planet (erect vision always understood; for 
an inverting eye-piece reverse the direc- 
tions) at 8h. 8m., evening of 2d; and at 6h. 
27m. , evening of 18th. Disappears at the 
western limb, being occulted, at 6h. 29m., 
evening of 9th, and at 8h, 27m., evening 
of 16th. 
Satellite II disappears, being occulted, at 
8h. 48m., evening of 5th; and at 6h. 25m., 
evening of 30th. Completes a transit at 
western limb at 6h. 40m., evening of 7th; be- 
gins one at 6h. 35m., evening of 14th, and 
reappears from an eclipse at 6h. 16m., even- 
ing of 16th. 
Satellite III. Shadow begins a transit at 
6h. 27m. evening of 10th, and reappears 
from an eclipse at 8h. 5m., evening of 28th. 
Satellite IV disappears in an eclipse at 
6h. 33m., evening of 7th. 
At present all eclipses take place to the 
east of the planet. 
For fear of making this article too long, 
we will simply give the ephemerides of the 
remaining planets, leaving further remarks 
until next month. 
Saturn is an evening star, and passes the 
meridian as follows: 
1st— 9h. 7m., evening. 
lOfch— 8h. 31m., evening. 
20th — 7h. 50m., evening. 
30th — 7h. 11m., evening. 
He is moving westward at the eastern ex- 
tremity of the constellation Aquarius, be- 
ing 3° south of the earth's path, and very 
nearly on the prime meridian of the 
heavens, from which right ascension is 
reckoned eastward. He will be near the 
moon on the 5th, being 7° south. 
Uranus rises as follows: 
1st — Ih. 2m., morning. 
20th — llh. 46m., evening. 
30th — llh. 7m., evening. 
Neptune passes the meridian as follows: 
1st — llh. 41m., evening. 
15th — lOh. 44m., evening. 
30th — 9h. 44m., evening. 
Penn Tan, N. Y. 
