20 
THE YOUNG SCIENTIST. 
tints bein<^ put in first, and the darker' ones 
made by repeated washes. After the tints are 
finished, complete the design by retouching 
where needed with the hard pencil ; put in a 
few lines to suggest the direction in which 
the lines of the tints are to be cut, but it is 
not necessary to put in every line to be cut, 
except in the class of engravings named above. 
To illustrate what we have just told 
you, we want you to examine the ac- 
companying engraving of a flower. 
The sketch of this being on paper, we 
will remind you to trace all the out- 
lines, that is, the edges of the leaves, 
flowers and stems, the stamens and 
veins in the leaves, and notice how 
some of the petals are turned over. 
When you have traced the picture on 
the wood in the way we have just de- 
scribed, proceed to " wash " in the 
tints. You need a cake or stick of In- 
dia ink. On a small plate or saucer, 
with a few drops of water, rub a little 
India ink, using your judgment about 
the amount you require. Add water 
to make the ink pale enough for the 
light tint on the petals. With your 
brush moderately wet, put in this tint, 
being careful to leave the white places. 
Wash over the leaves and stems in 
every part except where it is quite 
white. When this first wash is dry, 
put on a second one, in the darker parts, leav- 
ing the light untouched, and a third or fourth 
wash in the darkest of all. You need to be 
very careful in making these washes, that you 
do not rub out the lines you traced. And prob- 
ably with your best care, it will be necessary to 
pencil many of them over after you have fin- 
ished washing the tints in. When you have 
corrected all the pencil lines, your drawing is 
done. The numberless fine lines that represent 
the tints are cut with the engraving tools, 
which cut out the white places between the 
lines you see printed, and stopping whenever 
other lines cross them. We have now told you 
how to make the drawing on the wood. We 
will next tell you how to engrave the drawing 
you have made. 
Drawing Lessons. II. 
BY JOHN CLARK CENTER. 
WE hold that as a factor of Education in 
almost all the practical departments of 
Commerce, Science and Art, the power to de- 
lineate any object or idea, is indispensable. 
The Engineer, the Builder, the Mechanic, the 
Precision in Weighing. — The balance is 
now so perfect that according to Herr Jolly, 
weights of 1 kilogramme (2^ lbs.) may be com- 
pared to within the one-thousandth of a milli- 
gramme, or .0000154 grain. 
Merchant, the Scientist, etc., 
each in his department, de- 
pends upon it to facilitate his 
progress, or to publish to the 
world his inventions or wares. 
For by a well-executed illus- 
tration the mind can compre- 
hend at a glance, what a vol- 
ume of words could not ex- 
press. 
Who can acquire this power 
of Drawing? Every one in 
the degree of his mechanical ability, and bj 
perseverance in overcoming a few apparen 
ditficulties, which we will endeavor to carrj 
the student over. A fair degree of skill may 
be attained by at least ninety out of every hun- 
dred. 
Now what is Drawing ? 
It is the method of combining straight and 
curved lines witli proper adjustment of lights 
and shades, on a plane surface, so that any ob- 
ject or combination of objects may be repre- 
