24 
THE YOUNG SCIENTIST. 
Bust Modelling. 
ADELAIDE F. SAMUELS. 
OW if you are fully satisfied with the pro- 
file, you can begin measuring- for the front 
view. You have the height of the forehead 
already ; 3'^ou now want to find the distance 
across, from temple to temple, as shown in Fig. 
5, then from the same point on the temple to 
the ear. Next measure 
from eye to eye, mark the 
clay to keep the measure- 
ment, then find the height 
of the nose, between the 
eyes, to the inside corners 
of the eyes, and work out 
the clay between the nose 
and the eyes, being care- 
ful not to disturb the pro 
file. Next find the length 
^^S- ^- of the eye, then the dis- 
tance from the end of the eyes to the ears. 
Do not attempt to do any fine work about the 
eyes yet. 
Now find the distance from the top of the 
eyebrow to the end of the nose, then from the 
top of the eyebrow to the ear, and work away 
the clay, of course, until you can get those 
measurements on it ; and so on, until every 
measurement, as shown on Fig. 4 by the dots 
and dotted lines, has been taken and worked 
out: when you will have an image that will 
not be at all flattering to the sitter. It will 
resemble more a pagan's idol, but don't be dis- 
couraged : Home was not built in a day, you 
know. 
Now we must pay particular attention to 
each feature separately, beginning with the 
Forehead. 
First be sure that you have not lost the pro- 
file, by comparing it well with the sitter's, then 
model the clay, very carefully, on both sides, 
with tool No. 1 until you have an exact copy 
of the sitter's forehead, as seen from every 
point ; take extra measurements, if necessary, 
and if you should take off a little too much 
clay, you can add more by wetting a piece and 
rubbing it on with tool No. 2, so that it will 
not show. After you are quite sure the fore- 
head is shaped as it should be, go over it with 
tool No. 2 several times, holding the tool firm- 
ly, and working it about in fine circles until 
the clay is as smooth as the sitter's skin. 
The next to take all your attention will be 
the Eyes. Perhaps no part in bust-modelling 
is more diflBcult than getting the two eyes ex- 
actly alike, and also exactly like the sitter's. 
The great trouble with new beginners, is, they 
invariably model them flat, like a cat's eyes, 
when they should be more like Fig. C. If you 
Fig. 6. 
look well at the sitter's eyes you will see that 
the outside corners set back farther into the 
head than the corners near the nose j also the 
lower part is farther in than the top. 
Some sculptors model the eyes plain, while 
others mark the colored part by sinking it in. 
As all the old masters made them plain, we 
can afford to. 
Model the lids distinctly, perhaps a trifle 
thicker than the sitter's, for eflfect. Omit the 
lashes, of course, and the eyebrows, also, un 
less they are very thick and shaggy on the sit 
ter, then they are to be added after the face i 
finished, in the same manner the hair is. 
The next to claim attention is the Nose. Yo 
have only to model it as near the sitter's a 
possible. Take as many measurements as yo 
like, do not lose the profile, and be sure befor 
it is done, that there are no sharp corners o 
edges about the nostrils. All must be rounde 
and smoothed to perfection. 
Next comes the Mouth. You will find i 
difficult to get the corners just right. Yo 
must look at the sitter's moath from ever 
point of view, and copy it in the clay, alway 
being careful not to disturb the profile. After 
you have all the curves and angles, you can 
make the color-line, which is done, not by mak- 
ing a distinct line, but by working the clay, 
where the lips are red, one way with your 
tool, while all around it is worked another way. 
The Chin and Cheeks must each be measured 
and copied, and nicely finished. 
The Ears must be measured from the out- 
side rims with the calipers, then one at a time 
must be modelled, measuring every way with 
the dividers as you go along. There is much 
satisfaction in modelling the ear, it can be 
made to resemble life so closely. You can use 
