140 
Tim YOUNG SCIENTIST. 
and therefore, the larger the cask the 
more easily can it be burst. 
A few days ago a very striking illustra- 
tion of this principle came under our ob- 
servation. A lady who had just received 
some new cider thought she would like to 
bottle some. She had seen cider success- 
fully kept in small bottles— why would 
not a large demijohn be stronger and bet- 
ter? So the demijohn was filled with 
cider and the cork tightly inserted. In a 
few minutes the cider had worked so as to I 
create quite a pressure within the vessel 
and out flew the large cork with a loud re- 
port. This, however, was easily remedied. 
The cork was driven in again and tied 
tightly down. Before long, however, an- 
other report was heard, and this time the 
demijohn itself flew to pieces and the cider 
was scattered over walls, ceilings and car- 
pet. 
Now, if instead of one large demijohn, 
this lady had taken a dozen small bottles, 
it is not likely that the cider would have 
burst them. Numerous illustrations of 
this principle are seen all around us. A 
small gun, with sides not one quarter the 
thickness of boiler-plate, will resist a 
l)ressure which would completely wreck a 
large steam boiler. 
Scroll Sawing— IV. 
BY F. T. HODGSON. 
AT this stage, the young student will 
think himself sufficiently advanced 
to make a bracket ; but I would advise 
him not to attempt it just yet, as failure 
to make a neat one will surely be the re- 
sult ; and failure is always discouraging to 
a beginner. In place of making a bracket, 
it would be better to practice cutting out 
letters similar to the ones shown below. 
They can be cut out of the sides of cigar 
boxes until a state of proficiency is reached 
that will warrant an attempt being made 
in more valuable woods. 
If letters similar to the ones shown, are 
made of thin holly, and skillfully cut out, 
they may be put to many useful and orna- 
mental purposes. For instance, take a 
piece of fine scarlet or crimson cloth and 
use it for a back ground, then take clean 
cut letters and glue them neatly on the 
cloth, forming the motto, "Home Sweet 
Home," or any other appropriate senti- 
ment that may be fixed upon. When this 
ABCDEFGH 
is done, design a neat border with corre- 
sponding corner ornaments, cut out of 
holly and glue round the cloth, mitering 
them properly at the corners. This will 
make an ornament far more handsome if 
skillfully done than any bracket that 
could possibly be made at this stage. The 
fancy can roam a little even in the cutting 
of these letters, for the H, S, H, may be 
made larger and more ornamental than 
the intervening letters, and a spray of ivy 
or maple leaves may be interwoven 
through the whole motto ; but this can 
only be done successfully by a good hand. 
Letters may also be employed when 
neatly cut, on glove-boxes, work-boxes, 
and dozens of other things ; and I can as- 
sure the pupil that no practice will give 
him such a mastery over the saw as that 
of cutting letters of various styles. The 
letter S contains all the curves, kinks, and 
angles, that will ever be met with in the 
whole range of fret-sawing. 
A bracket may now be attempted— a 
small one first — it would be better to make 
it of some cheap material, such as pine, 
walnut, or white wood. A simple design, 
similar to Fig. 17, will be the best to adopt 
Fig. 17. 
at first, bearing in mind to make all the 
inside cuts first. Of course, it will be 
necessary to bore a small hole through the 
bracket in every part that requires to be 
removed from the inside. These holes are 
