6 
THE YOUNG SCIENTIST. 
touched with gold leaf in the centre, or a 
small flower in colors might be painted on 
each piece. Making a cornice of this kind 
is a very simple matter, but when com- 
pleted is sure to give pleasure to all who 
see it. The workman of tact will find sug- 
gestions crowding on him thick and fast 
as he proceeds with his work, and more 
elaborate cornices will be easy of design 
after the first one is completed. 
Borders for panels, corner ornaments, 
and centre-pieces for door panels, pic- 
tures, cartoons and animals, can be cut 
out of veneers with very little practice. If 
you wish to saw out a perfect likeness of 
any one, in profile, stretch a piece of 
strong white paper over a frame prepared 
for the purpose, and about two feet square ; 
let the subject sit between a strong light 
and the paper, and in such a position that 
the shadow in profile will fall directly on 
the latter, which must be held securely 
in its place. Now trace the outlines of 
the shadow on the paper with a soft lead 
pencil, on the dark side of the frame. If 
neatly done you will have an exact like- 
ness in profile of your friend, which can 
be reduced, preserving the features cor- 
rectly, by using a good pantograph. With 
a little practice in this line you will be 
astonished at the excellence of your own 
work. If you wish to make the likenesses 
distorted, and still have them preserve 
the general character of outline, you can 
do so by holding the paper at different 
angles, and by a little adjustment of the 
frame you will soon discover what posi- 
tion will insure the funniest results. Once 
having obtained a good likeness, you 
should keep it for a pattern, and you will 
not be long in finding use for all the 
duplicates you may make. If you are the 
happy possessor of a printing press you 
can find plenty of employment for your 
saw in cutting letters of every description 
for use in your press. Cut the letters 
from hard veneers and glue them on 
blocks of maple or beech, taking care that 
the t^^pe when completed are the exact 
thickness of other type. I have known a 
country printing office where all the dis- 
play type for large bills and posters were 
made this way, and satisfaction was given 
every time they were used, and the saving 
in expense was considerable. Borders, 
corner ornaments, figures, and many other 
things for printer's use can be made with 
a good saw in skilful hands. 
Although I have made no use of the 
word or words "overlaying," I have 
treated somewhat on the subject. It 
simply consists in cutting out fine orna- 
ments and fastening them on a dead 
surface of some kind, such as panels, 
drawer fronts, box lids, album covers, 
etc., etc. Ordinary flat picture frames 
can be overlaid with vines or fine tracery. 
Very nice photograph frames can be made 
by taking a thin i^ine board and sawing an 
oval out of the centre, and covering the 
pine with velvet. Fasten the overlaying 
on the velvet. Designs for overlaying, 
such as corner ornaments, vines, fiowers, 
heads, borders, monograms, fancy letters, 
and other pretty devices can be picked up 
in books, prints, and illustrated papers ; 
or they can be bought from the regular 
dealers in scroll-sawing materials. 
Looking Into Dark Places. 
IT is often necessary to examine the bot- 
tom of a tube or hole. Wells and gun- 
barrels afford familiar examples. Nothing 
is easier provided we illuminate the cavity 
by means of a good light thrown down by 
a mirror. For wells, cisterns and ponds 
a good common hand-mirror will answer, 
but for narrow tubes, like gun-barrels, a 
little management is required. The mir- 
ror must be held so as to refiect a strong 
light (sunlight is best, but any good lamp 
will do) down the barrel, and at the same 
time it must be so placed that the eye can 
see past its edge and look down the tube. 
This can be done, but a great improve- 
ment is to scratch a small oval hole in the 
silvering, so as to leave the mirror trans- 
parent at this point. It then becomes 
easy to look down the barrel through this 
hole, while the silvered part of the mirror 
covers the whole of the tube and throws a 
flood of light down it. In this way rust 
spots and imperfections can be detected at 
the bottom of the smallest bores. 
For wells and ponds no such refinement 
is necessary. When the sun is shining 
brightly, hold a mirror so that the re- 
