8 
THE YOUNG SCIENTIST. 
"line of beauty," a h c, must next be 
mastered ; it is of the utmost importance 
to be able to do this easily and correctly. 
Circles, and ellipses or ovals, must also 
be drawn independent of mechanical 
methods. In Fig. 2 the circle, beginning 
at a, sweeps round by the right to 6, then 
shading. Having selected a subject for 
study, a careful outline sketch must first 
be made. An old dilapidated building, 
stile, or pump, are favorite examples for 
practice, with the trunk and foliage of a 
tree. 
Endeavor to produce the proper degree 
Tig. 3. 
from h towards the left and up to a, where 
first begun. The pupil may also try to 
draw it the reverse way. Circles within 
circles may be thus drawn, and ovals 
within ovals in the same manner. In 
sketching ancient or modern architectural 
edifices, the combination of straight and 
curved lines will be called for to describe 
the various orders of architecture, which 
can be either studied from nature or in 
works treating on that art. 
In Fig. 3, for the leaf a correct ellipse is 
first drawn. Thereafter the top (a) and 
the end (h), rubbing out the parts not re- 
quired, the fibres and serated edges are 
added and the leaf is finished. 
The pear exemplifies the use of the arch, 
and the analytical sketch of the flower 
will illustrate how all varities of similar 
objects may be treated. 
The pupil, in drawing figures and ob- 
jects from nature, should provide himself 
with cartridge paper ; this material has a 
rough surface, which takes the pencil 
easily and will bear rubbing out well. Also 
a few black lead pencils ; some rather hard 
to make the outlines, and others soft for 
of shade at one operation, only having to 
retouch and strengthen by cross-strokes 
or greater depth, to produce effect or 
relief. In all well-executed engravings 
will be found examples of treatment of 
light and shade, and the pupil can easily 
and cheaply procure some of those draw- 
ing copies, which will facilitate progress 
in any department of drawing in which 
he may aspire to perfect himself. 
We can only hope, in this brief but sug- 
gestive treatment on art, to inspire a taste 
for the useful and beautiful ; perfection in 
any department can only be acquired by 
years of steady application and study. 
Why Franklin Used Simple Language. 
^KADITION has it that years ago, when 
J- Benjamin Franklin was a lad, he be- 
gan to study philosophy, and soon became 
fond of applying technical terms to com- 
mon objects. One evening, when he 
mentioned to his father that he had 
swallowed some acephalous mollusks, the 
old man was much alarmed, and suddenly 
seizing him called loudly for help. Mrs. 
