10 
THE YOUNG SCIENTIST. 
the wonderful variety of effects that may 
be produced by the varying position of the 
•candles. 
The apparatus required is very simple 
and easily procured anywhere. First, we 
need a figure. This may be cut out of 
pasteboard, and the details should be 
we cannot get the candles so close together 
that each one will not throw a separate 
shadow, which will overlap its neighbor, 
and produce a little indistinctness on the 
edges. 
Our engravings show the manner of 
carrying out what we have described. 
^^orked out with considerable minuteness 
■and accuracy if we would secure good 
results. The figure should be suspended 
l)ehind the screen by several very fine silk 
threads, the shadows of which will not be 
.seen. 
The screen may be simply a sheet sus- 
pended between the doors of a double 
room, or in a hallway. Where this is in- 
convenient a corner of a large room might 
be screened off. The sheet should be thin, 
and to render it more transparent it should 
be sponged or sprinkled with water. 
The lights are simply good parafflne 
candles. These are safer and more cleanly 
than hand-lamps, but the latter may be 
used if necessary. When candles are used, 
a paper cone should be fastened around 
them, about one or two inches from the 
top, so as to prevent the spilling of grease. 
If very strong lights are desired, four 
•candles may be fixed closely together in a 
frame. They give darker shadows, but 
the shadows are not as sharply defined, as 
Fig. 1 shows the operators behind the 
screens, and Fig. 2 the shadows as they 
appear to the audience. 
— No wonder the country swarms with 
preachers, physicians, lawyers, and lit- 
erary mountebanks. There are seven 
times more nurseries for the propaga- 
tion of literary pigmies who are taught to 
feed on the public, than there are to raise 
and train skillful mechanics, engineers, 
agriculturists and miners. Five hundred 
and seventy-nine colleges, universities, 
law, medical and theological schools, and 
only eighty-three schools for the higher 
mechanical and scientific education, in- 
cluding all schools of design, mining and 
engineering. There are twice as many 
theological schools as there are of engi- 
neering, scientific and mechanical schools, 
all told. No wonder that many trained 
preachers in this country go hungry to 
bed, while thousands of enterprising me- 
chanics and artisans are floundering about 
in a sea of ignorance in search of higher 
" scientific attainments." 
