THE YOUNG SCIENTIST. 
103 
losiphon limnias, bent its neck, if I may 
so speak, to the right, and sometimes to 
the ieft, and sometimes stood upright, 
when the true form of the ciliary appa- 
ratus could be seen. Tlie tube of this 
creature was opaque, from the adhesion 
of foreign matter, and presented an un- 
tidy appearance, strangely contrasting 
with the clear, neat bottles of the Flos- 
cules. These Cephalosiphons are very 
whimsical in their ways, and many that 
were sent to different observers never ex- 
hibited their ciliary wreaths, but per- 
formed sundry antics, disguising their 
true shape. 
Somewhat like the Cephalosiphon, 
though much commoner and without the 
siphon, is Limnias ceratophylli, which 
every collector is sure to meet. The 
length of tne Limnias varies, according 
to Pritchard, from 1-20" to 1-40". Our 
Cephalosiphon, when fully extended and 
magnified one hundred and eighty linear, 
looked about three inches and a half long, 
an^ was therefore very small. Just below 
the ciliary lobes the gizzard was seen, 
with its toothed hammers working one 
against the other. The masticatory organ 
differs from the typical form, as repre- 
sented in the Brachion; and Mr. Gosse 
observes of Limnias that "each uncus 
forms, with its ramus, a well-defined 
mass of muscle enclosing the solid parts, 
and in form approaching the quadrature 
of a globe. Across the upper surface of 
the mass the uncus is stretched like three 
long parallel fingers, arched in their com- 
mon direction, and imbedded in the mus- 
cular substances, their points just reach- 
ing the opposing face of the ramus, and 
meeting the points of the opposite uncus 
when closed."* 
There is no connection between Lim- 
nias or Cephalosiphon and their tubes, 
except that of simple adhesion, which 
takes place by means of the end of their 
foot-stalks. 
In a former article we have described 
an interesting relation of the Vorticella, 
the Cothurnia, whose elegant crystal 
vases form a very artistic abode, charac- 
terized by possessing a distinct foot. 
Other species of the same family inhabit 
vases which have no foot or stalk, or live 
in gelatinous sheaths less accurately fash- 
ioned. Sometimes these creatures are 
obliging enough to conform to the spe- 
cific descriptions which eminent natural- 
ists have given of them, and also to the 
characters which the authorities have as- 
signed to the different genera in which 
they have been grouped, but the micro- 
scopist Avill often meet with difficulties in 
the way of classification. 
Attached to a piece of weed were a 
* The term uncus, ramus, etc,, have been ex- 
plained in a former number. 
number of cylindrical masses of brownish 
jelly, with rounded tops, and situated in 
an irregular and very transparent sheath, 
about twice as high as themselves. Pres- 
ently they all rose up to four times their 
previous height, put forth a beautiful 
crown of vibrating cilia, and opened a 
X 240. 
Vaginicola(?) (a, elongated; b, retracted). 
sort of trap-door to their internal ar- 
rangements. In this position they had a 
long cylindrical form, gracefully curved; 
but of nearly equal width from the mouth 
to the base, and they readily imbibed par- 
ticles of carmine, which tinged sundry 
little cavities with its characteristic hue. 
The slightest disturbance caused the cili- 
ary wreaths to be drawn in, and the 
bodies to be retracted, and descend into 
their house like a conjuring toy, until the 
appearance first described was repro- 
duced. 
The general form and structure of 
these objects was like the drawings 
usually given of Vaginicola, which is said 
not to exist in groups, although two indi- 
viduals are commonly found in one well- 
shaped cell. These creatures, however, 
did not taper towards the base as Vagini- 
