78 
THE YOUNG SCIENTIST. 
rip-saw just as well. In some instances, 
where the amateur can afford it, it may 
be advisable to procure some one of the 
many metal saw-clamps that may be ob- 
tained for one dollar and upwards. Some 
of these devices are very handy, and may 
be attached to a bench or work-table on 
short notice. They are made to grip the 
saw-blade firmly for at least one-tbird the 
length of the blade. I would prefer, how- 
ever, that the amateur make his own 
clamps, and use them until he becomes 
pretty well up in using tools, when, if he 
thinks fit, he may procure one of the iron 
clamps. 
As I have before stated, a rip-saw in- 
tended for cutting hard wood should have 
its teeth filed a little beveling on the face 
edge, similar to the teeth shown in Eig. 4, 
it denotes that the file is well and evenly 
tempered, and will no doubt give good 
satisfaction. 
Figr. 4. 
but with less bevel than there shown. 
There are also more teeth shown to the 
inch in the engraving than should be in 
the rip-saw\ 
A saw filed like that shown at Eig. 4 
will rip hard Avood pretty well, but it is 
more suitable for a saw intended for cut- 
ting soft wood in all directions, such as a 
bow-saw, a compass saw, or a key-hole 
saw, of which I will tell you more anon. 
In choosing a file for sharpening a rip- 
saw, get one about six inches long from 
point to i:)oint. I always prefer a stub- 
pointed file for a rip-saw, and of course, 
I need hardly tell you that the file must 
be three-sided and parallel in this case. 
A taper three-sided file does very well for 
a crosscut saw, but I prefer in all cases a 
stub-ended file. When selecting a file, 
liold it to the light in a horizontal posi- 
tion, with the point toward you. The 
teeth of the file will now have their points 
facing you, and you can easily detect any 
fiaw or imperfection, and if the teeth are 
irregular or uneven, or the color not uni- 
form, do not take it. A file with a mottled 
or spotted appearance has not received 
an even temper. If, however, it presents 
a clean greyish color, even and regular. 
Indian Clubs, and the Way to Use 
Them.-II. 
BY JAMES C. SQUIRES. 
( Continued from page 8J 
OK the second exercise (Eig 4) 
commence as before, and when 
both clubs are raised above the 
head, reverse the direction of 
the left one, and instead of describing the 
circle from right to left, swing it from left 
to right, the right club at the same time 
continuing its original course. A glance 
at Eig. 4 will show the exercise; the 
Fig. 4. 
dotted lines and arrows indicate the di- 
rection in which each club travels. In 
this exercise (and in many others to fol- 
low) the clubs cross twice in each circle : 
care must therefore be taken not to allow 
them to come into collision (which catas- 
trophe can be easily avoided by following 
the directions recently given— viz., to 
keep the base of each club in a straight 
line with each shoulder). 
Kxer'cise 3 (Fig. 5.) — This is the same as 
No. 2, with an additional movement — 
viz., that when each club is raised in its 
turn above the head to its highest point, 
the circle is checked and the club dropped 
behind the head, and made to describe a 
smaller circle in the rear of the shoulder, 
after completing which the larger circle 
