THE YOUNG 
Hand Saws ; Their Use, Care and Abuse. 
How to Select and How to File Them. By the 
author of "The Steel Square and Its Uses," 
"The Builder's Guide and Estimator's Price 
Book," " Practical Carpentry," etc., etc. Indus- 
trial Publication Co.. 294 Broadway, New York. 
Price, in cloth, $l.oo. 
" Being a complete guide for selecting, using 
and filing all kinds of Hand Saws, Back Saws, 
Compass and Key-hole Saws, Web, Hack and 
Butcher's Saws ; showing the Shapes, Forms, 
Angles, Pitches and Sizes of Saw Teeth suitable 
for all kinds of Saws, and for all kinds of Wood, 
Bone, Ivory and Metal ; together with hints and 
suggestions on the choice of Files, Saw Sets, 
Filing Clamps and other matters pertaining to 
the care and management of all classes of hand 
and other small saws." 
The foregoing, which Is taken from the title 
page of the book, gives an idea of the scope of 
the work, and as the book is a thoroughly prac- 
tical one, written by a practical man, it will be 
found useful and reliable for those who may have 
occasion to use saws of any kind. We heartily 
recommend this book to our amateur wood- 
workers. 
• 
Astronomy for Amateurs.— September. 
BY BEKLIN H. WEIGHT. 
THE PLANETS.— SEPTEMBER, 1883. 
(All Computations are for the Latitude and 
Meridian of New York City.) 
Mercury may be seen as an evening star Sep- 
tember 5th to 12th, being- at greatest eastern 
elongation (26° 49') September 11th, and brightest 
from the 8th to 11th. He sets as follows : 
September 5th— 7 14 evening. 
8th— 7 8 
12th— 6 59 
He will be very close to the brilliant star Alpha 
Virginis (Spica), being only about two degrees 
west of or below that star. 
Venus will scarcely be visible in September, 
being in conjunction with the Sun on the 20th. 
Mars rises at midnight on the 10th, and on 
the 30th at 11.43 eve., and is moving eastward 
past the stars of the constellation Gemini. 
Jupiter rises as follows : 
September 10th— 1 24 morning. 
20th -0 54 
30th— 0 22 
Inasmuch as it takes Jupiter an entire year 
to traverse a constellation or sign, his position 
will vary but slightly from month to month. 
Saturn is now favorably situated for evening 
observation, rising as follows : 
September 10th— 10 1 evening. 
20th— 9 22 
30th— 8 42 
He will be 90° west of the Sun on the 2d, and 
only one degree north of the Moon on the 
SCIENTIST. 285 
21st, at 9 o'clock in the evening. Stationary, 
Sept. 22. 
Uranus being in conjunction with the Sun on 
the 16th, will be invisible during this month and 
next. 
SEPTEMBER METEORS. 
The group radiating from near Algol, that 
from near Algenib, and that from the left of 
Cassiopeia's Chair will continue throughout 
September. A swift and brilliant group seems 
to radiate from a point about 10" north of 
Deneb, the bright star at the head of the Great 
Cross in the Swan; another from a point about 
8° northeast of Capella, about the middle of the 
month. The earth enters a fine group about 
Sept. 25th, having a radiant about 10" south of 
Castor, in Gemini. This group is most active in 
October. A very swift and infrequent group 
visible in September and October, has its ra- 
diant about 20° east of Capella. 
SITUATION OF THE PRINCIPAL CONSTELLA- 
TIONS, STARS, AND CLUSTERS, SEPT. 20TH, 
1883, AT 9 P.M. 
In the Zodiac, Capricornus crosses the Me- 
ridian, and to tlie right or west the constella- 
tions, etc., in their order are Saggittarius, the 
Archer, in which is the "Milkmaid's Dipper," 
Scorpio, the Scorpion, in which are many very 
conspicuous stars, and the first magnitude star 
Antares is setting. 
North of the Ecliptic and west of the Merid- 
ian, the most conspicuous objects arc quite near 
together and close to the Meridian, being the 
Great Cross in the Swan, which is almost di- 
rectly overhead ; to the right of it lies the Harp 
and Vega. And below it to the southward is 
Altair in the Eagle, and Job's Coffin ; away in 
the northwest lies the Northern Crown and the 
great naked-eye nebula in Hercules. 
Upon the east side of the Meridian the Zo- 
diacal constellations are in their order from W. 
to E.; the eastern part of Capricornus, Aqua- 
rius, marked by the A ; Pisces, marked by the 
almost entire absence of stars brighter than the 
5th magnitude. Aries and the Pleiades have 
but just cleared the horizon, and Taurus and 
the Hyades are just I'ising. The only bright 
star south of the Ecliptic is Fomalhaut, nearly 
two hours east of the Meridian aud close to the 
horizon. Above the Ecliptic the first objects to 
catch the eye are the Great Square in Pegasus 
and Cassiopeia's Chair. 
In the circmnpolar district the Great Bear 
and Dipper are low in the north, almost touch- 
ing the horizon ; the wonderful cluster in Per- 
seus and Cassiopeia's Chair to the right, and 
the Little Bear and Dipper and Serpent to the 
left of Polaris. 
