JUGLANDACEAE OF THE UNITED STATES. 35 
exfoliating; twigs gray to very dark reddish-brown, then 
seeming almost black, often glossy, soon glabrous and at 
length nearly glandless, the few small white lenticels very 
evident ; buds less stalked and rather shorter than is usual 
in the group, nearly black, evanescently yellow glandulai-, 
the terminal at first also sparingly hairy; fruit 1 to 2 
inches long; husk 1 mm. thick, splitting to the base ; nut 
very much flattened, umbonate to retuse at top, variously 
erosely ridged and angled, dull reddish-brown ; shell soft, 
about .5 mm, thick, with large lacunae filled with a dark 
red spongy tissue, the commissure soft ; kernel very f)itter, 
much ruminated. — Virginia to Florida, around the Gulf to 
Texas, thence north to Arkansas and southern Illinois, — in 
wet bottoms, on gravelly river banks, etc.— PI. 3, 4, 13, 
f. 4-6, 16, f . 1-3. 
Scales of terminal buds free above, all but the outermost devel- 
oping into leaves; nut usually as broad as long, elliptical 
in cross section, 4-celled below. 
4. H. MINIMA (Marshall) Britton. — Carya amara^ 
Nuttall. — The Bitternut. — A medium sized to rather large 
tree ; bark thin, light gray, with shallow fissures and separa- 
ting somewhat in small thin flakes ; twigs buff, exceptionally 
gray or reddish, rather dull, glabrous or slightly hairy at the 
end but usually very yellow glandular above, the numerous 
small pale lenticels evident; buds closely yellow dotted 
and somewhat pubescent between the scales, those super- 
posed above the leaf scars often considerably separated and 
the uppermost of each series u>ually long stalked or 
lengthening into a twig the tir^t season: fruit from lo>s 
than an inch to an inch and a half long, obovold 
to subglobose; husk I mm. thick, iiregularly splitting 
to a little below the middle ; nut sometimes broader than 
long, rounded at base, depressed and mucronate at top, 
slightly marked with rounded prominences conformed to 
the kernel, gray to bulT, without darker stripes; shell very 
soft, .5 mm. thick, the coninii>.-^ure soft: kernel very 
bitter, ruminated. — Canada and ^Maine to Minnesota and 
