1032 
claws sharp, curved, completely retractile (except #415 Cynailurus) . Dental 
formula: 1. 3/3, c. 1/1, pm. 3/2 or 2/2, m. 1/1. Larger cheek-teeth of a strictly 
trenchant type, their crowns compressed and high, without crushing surfaces, 
last upper premolar and first lower molar presenting extreme phase of 
carnassial modification; inner lobe of upper carnassial (3 lobes to blade) 
small, in front of middle of crown; upper molar rudimentary, narrow, tren- 
chant, the main axis of its crown transverse to tooth-row; auditory bulla 
highly inflated, divided into 2 chambers by a transverse partition (septum), 
#413e(d). Without combination of characters shown in Ictailurus. See #413/. 
#413/(^). Leptailurus Severtzow, 1858, Rev. Mag. Zool., Paris, 2d ser., v. 10, Sept., 389, 390, mt. serval 
Schreb.— Rhinarium very large; ears nearly meeting on summit of head. Malar greatly expanded in front, 
where it is clamped externally to preorbital foramen; cheek low; narrow postcanine space. [Pupil circu- 
lar.] Africa, mainly south of the Sahara. 
Syns.: Galeopardus ° Heuglin in Fitzinger, 1866, Sitz.-Ber. Akad. Wiss., Wien, v. 54 (10), Abt. 1, 557, 
mt. serval; 
Lepailurus ™ Greve, 1894, Nova Acta Leop., Halle, v. 63, 76; 
Septailurus ^ Severtzow, 1858, Rev. Mag. Zool., Paris, 2d ser., v. 10, Sept., 390; 
Serval ^ ° Gray, 1867, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 272 [not #41371 Serval Brehm, 1864, lynx], tat. serval; 
Servalina ° Greve, 1894, Nova Acta Leop., Halle, v. 63, 76, mt. serval; 
Servalinae Wagner, 1841, Schreber's Saugthiere, Suppl., v. 2, 505, 1st sp. F. serval. 
HlSg (/). Without combination of characters shown in Leplailurus. See #413ft. 
#413/i (k). Outer chamber of bulla very large, extending in front of narrowed apex of inner chamber; 
groove of partition passing from stylomastoid foramen to basioccipital suture. See #413z. 
#413i 0'). Trichaclurus Satunin, 1905, Ann. Mus. Zool., St. Petersb., v. 9 (4), 495-496, tsd. (1917; 1929) 
manul Pall.— Face strongly sloped; upper rim of anterior nares nearly level with compressed lower rim of 
orbit; forehead and frontal postorbital processes very wide. [Pupil vertical.] Central Asia as far south 
as the western Himalayas. 
Syns.: Otoca obus 1917, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., v. 20 (119), Nov., 335; 
Otocolobus ° Severtzow, 1858, Rev. Mag. Zool., Paris, 2d ser., v. 10, Sept., 386, 390, mt. manul 
Pallas [not Otocolobus Brandt, 1844, spermophile]; 
Trichailurus « Allen, 1919, Bui. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., N. Y., v. 41, 338. 
#413; (0. DendraUurus Severtzow, 1858, Rev. Mag. Zool., Paris, 2d ser., v. 10, Sept., 386, 390, mt. 
strigilata Wagner so. colocolo H. Smith, 1824 [not colocola Molina, 1782].— Face not strongly sloped; upper 
rim of nares much higher than thickened lower rim of orbit; forehead narrow, postorbital processes slender. 
S. America; Guiana, Chile; Uruguay to Patagonia. 
Syns.: Lynchailurus « Severtzow, 1858, Rev. Mag. Zool., Paris, 2d ser., v. 10, Sept., 386, 390, mt. pajeros 
Desm.; 
Pajeros » Gray, 1867, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 269, mt. tat. pampanus Gray so. pajeros Desm. 
#413^ (ft). Outer chamber of bulla smaller or very small, not extending anteriorly in front of wider end 
of inner chamber, groove of partition passing to anterior edge of bulla. See #413/. 
H131 (o). Outer chamber of bulla comparatively large; partition rising some distance from crest of tym- 
panic annulus. See #413™. 
#41377» (n). Felis ^ Linn., 1758a, 41, tat. felis so. catus, etd. (1858) minuta— Cats, Hinzen, Katzen. Nasal 
branch of premolars broad above behind nasal, then abruptly pointed; suborbital margins of palate deeply 
notched; upper pmi normally present. [Pupil vertical.] Central and S. Europe; S. Asia to Burma; Africa 
apart from western forested area. 
Syns.: Cati Wagner, 1841, Schreber's Saugthiere, Suppl., v. 2, 532; 
Catolynx « Severtzow, 1858, Rev. Mag. Zool., Paris, 2d ser., v. 10, Sept., 385, 387, 389, 390, tsd. 
(1917) catus, tsd. (1929) chaus Giild. [not #413r Catolynx ^ Gray, 1867]; 
Cattus Schmerling, 1834, Recherches Ossem-Foss., Liege, v. 2, 92, 94, pi. 18, figs. 23-24; 
Catus o Frisch, 1775, Das Natur-Syst. vierfiiss. Th., in Tab., 12, Tab. Gen. [new name for Felis] 
[nv]; Fitz., 1855, Wiss. -pop. Naturg. Saugeth., v. 1, 265, tat. catus (as domesticus+Jerus); 
Chaus » Gray, 1843, List Spec. Mamm. Brit. Mus., pp. xx, 44-45, tat. chaus =lybicus; 
fMicrofelis ' Roberts, 1926, Ann. Transv. Mus., v. 11 (7), Sept. 14, 250, mt. tod. F. nigripes Burch.; 
" there is little doubt that the virtual absence of an internal cusp to the third upper premolar 
and the enlarging of the tympanic bullae, characters found in none of the allied species, are 
important and separation becomes necessary if classification is to stand for progress"; 
Otailurus Severtzow, 1858, Rev. Mag. Zool., Paris, 2d ser., v. 10, Sept., 388, 389, mt. megalotis 
Miiller (domestic cat from Timor). 
#413n (m). Lynx Kerr, 1792a, Anim. Kingd., Syst. Catal. Mamm., inserted between pp. 32 & 33, 41, 155, 
tat. lynx Linn. syn. vulgaris Kerr.— Lynxes, Luchsen. Nasal branch of premolars gradually attenuated 
above; suborbital margins of palate not deeply notched; upper pm' absent or early deciduous. Boreal and 
temperate latitudes of northern hemispheres as far south as Mediterranean and "Western Himalayas and 
Mexico. (true lynxes); southwestern Asia and entire Africa (caracals). 
