1093 
#466 Pro teles * cristatus (Sparrman, 1783, Resa till Goda Hopps Udden, 
Stock., V. 1, 581 [Viverra i]) Blyth, 1839, The Analyst, v. 10 (28), July, 71. 
Aard Wolf, Earth Wolf, Grey Jackal, Wehr Wolf, Erdwolf, Zibethhyane, 
Inci, Isingci, Maanhaar (i. e.. Mane-hair) Jackal, Nadrou Jackal, Tuku. 
Somaliland through Central Africa to Cape Colony. 
Dipylidium t308. — Small intest. 
'\caninum. — S. Africa. 
Dipetalonema t453. 
dracunculoides. — Peritoneal cav. — S. 
Africa.— T. h. 
Armillifer t796. — Encysted. 
-\armillatus, 
-\ moniliformis K — Larva. — Host K 
[protelis — Mesentery. — T. h.] 
Pulex tl635.— Ext. 
'\irritans. — S. Africa. 
#466 Proteles * [or Geocyon « *] lalandii « Geoffr., 1824, Bui. Sci. Soc. Philom., 
Paris, 139. Erdwolf, Zibethhyane. Cape of Good Hope *, S. Africa. 
Syn. Geocyon^ * lalandei^ Wagler, 1830, Nat. Syst. Amphib., 30. So. #466 
Proteles * cristatus. 
#4:6'3' (409). Squamosal and exoccipital bones form with wall of entotympanic a 
mastoid air space which is posterior to tympanic chamber. See #468. 
#468 (470). HYAENiDAE Flower, 1869, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 28, 29, 35.— 
Condyloid and glenoid foramina concealed or wanting. Toes 4-4. 
Head large, slightly elongate; skull remarkable for great development of 
sagittal crest (serving for attachment of powerful temporal muscles) ; zygo- 
matic arches very strong; auditory bulla inflated; paroccipital process 
distinct; alisphenoid canal and pterygoid fossa absent; palate extends back 
but a short distance behind posterior molars. Teeth: i. 3/3, c. 1/1, pm. 
4/3, m. 1/1; well developed; upper carnassials particularly large, with 3 
distinct lobes; lower carnassials with a large blade and a small talon; molara 
very small. Dorsal vertebrae 15. Legs rather long; no entepicondylar 
foramen to humerus; claws slightly curved, strong, blunt, not retractile; 
hallux and pollex absent; tarsus and metatarsus entirely hairy; feet with 
median or plantar pad and one to each digit. Truly digitigrade. Tail 
moderate. Anal sac present; preputial scent gland absent. India; Africa. 
Syn. Hyaenadae ^ Gray, 1821, London Med. Repos., v. 15, 302. See #469. 
#469. Hyaena > 39 Brisson, 1762, Regnum Animale, 168-169, 248, tat. hyaena Linn., 
from Africa, tsd. (1900) striata; or Briinn., 1772; or Zimmermann, 1780. — 
Hyaena, hyane. Teeth 34, usually: i. 3/3, c. 1/1, pm. 4/3, m. 1/1; canines and 
premolars, especially, very large, strong, conical; upper carnassials with very 
large, distinctly trilobed blade and moderately developed inner tubercle 
placed at anterior extremity of blade; molars very small, placed transversely 
close to hinder edge of carnassial as in the felidae; lower carnassial (sec- 
torial) consists of little more than the bilobed blade. Zygomatic arches 
very wide and strong; sagittal crest high (giving attachment to very powerful 
biting muscles); orbits incomplete behind. Vertebrae: C. 7, D. 15, L. 5, 
S. 4, Cd. 19. Legs, especially anterior pair, rather long; digitigrade, 4 
8« The three existing species may be arranged into two subgenera, which, however, are bridged over by 
transitional fossil species. See #469^. 
#469^1 (469jB). Hyaena' Brisson, 1762, Regnum Animale, 168-169, 248, tat. hyaena Linn., Africa.— Striped 
hyaena. Euhyaenine group: Upper molar moderately developed and 3-rooted; lower molar with inner 
cusp and hind talon more or less developed. Ears large, pointed. Hair long, forming a mane on back and 
shoulders. Africa, Asia. 
m9B (mA). Crocotta Kaup, 1829, Ent. Gesch. u. Natiirl. Syst. Europ. Thierwelt, v. 1, 74, 78, tat. cro- 
cttia.— Spotted hyaena. Crocutine group: Upper molar extremely small, 2- or 1-rooted, often deciduous; 
lower molar without trace of inner cusp, and with an extremely small talon. Africa south of Sahara. Syn . 
Crocuta ^ ° Kaup, 1828, Oken's Isis, v. 21 (11), 1145, mt. tat. Hyaena • crocuta Erxl. [not Crocuta Meigen, 
1800, Dipteral. 
