1096 
4/1 to 4; larger cheek-teeth of a combined trenchant and crushing type; 
last upper premolar and 1st lower molar strongly differentiated as carnassials, 
the former 3-rooted, its inner lobe in front of middle of crown, its position, 
somewhat posterior to level of anteorbital foramen, at point of greatest 
mechanical efficiency. Body usually rather light; size moderate; legs long* 
feet digitigrade; claws exserted, blunt, nonretractile. Os penis grooved. 
Essentially cosmopolitan; in Europe west to Ireland. 
#471 (481). Lupine or Thooid series as of Flower & Lydekker, 1891a, 548, and 
Lydekker, 1911, Encycl. brit., v. 5, 371. — Wolf-like. Dogs, wolves, jackals. 
Pupils usually circular when contracted; in Pseudalopex elliptical when con- 
tracted. Postorbital process of frontal bone regularly smooth and convex 
above, its extremity bent downward; frontal air sinuses present; skull 
generally thick and solid. Essentially subgenus Lupina as of Leunis, 1883a, 
188; section lupinae Burmeister, as of Gray, 1868, 495. See #472. 
#473 (474). Subf. lycaoninae « Gray, 1868, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 494, 495 
(ltcaonina). — Cape Hunting dog. Toes 4-4. Head short, broad; nose 
short, broad; teeth large, close together; palate very broad, short. Tail 
short, straight, bushy. Contains one genus. See #473. 
#473. Lycaon Brookes in Griffith's Cuvier, 1827, Anim. Kingd., v. 5, 151, 
mt. Canis ' tricolor Brookes so. Hyaena • picia Temm. — Hunting dog. Hyaena 
dog. Teeth 42; massive and (in cross section) rounded; premolars acutely 
dentated on the front, and especially on the hinder edge; upper carnassials 
strong, elongate, trigonal, broad, with small but well-marked interior lobe in 
front; upper tubercular tooth ^ large, with a broad rounded internal lobe; 
upper tubercular tooth 2 oblong transverse, much smaller; lower hinder 
tubercular very small, cylindrical. Skull short, broad; nose short, broad, 
swollen; palate short, very broad; internal nasal opening broad; postorbital 
process thick, convex above, bent down at end. Africa. 
#473 Lycaon capensis. 
Echinococcus t322. 
granulosus. — London Zoo, from S. Africa. 
longimanubrius. — S. Africa — T. h. 
species Chapin, 1921. — Zoo, Washington, D. C. 
#473 Lycaon * [or Canis 1, Cynhyaena Cynhyoena °, Hyenoides °, Kynos «>] 
(Lupina 0 pictus (Temm., 1820, Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys., v. 3, Jan., 54 
[Hyaena i]) Smith, 1833, S. Afr. Quart. J., v. 2, no. 1 (3), Dec, 91. BurcheU's 
Lj'-caon, Cape hunting-dog, Hyaena dog, bunter Hund, buntfarbige Hund, 
gefleckter Hund, Hyanenhund, Hyanenwolf, Jagdhyane, scheckige Hyanen- 
wolf, Simr, Budaja, Inkentshana, Inkentshani, Inkentyane, Ixwili, Letlha- 
lerwa, Matshabidi, Wilde-Hond, Wilde Honde. South and east Africa. 
*i Syns.: Cynhyaena ° Cuv., 1829, Diet. Sci. nat., v. 59, 454, mt. picta Temm.; 
Cynohyaena e o Blainville, "1840", Osteog. Mamm. Eecents et Foss., v. 2, 43: 
Cynohyoena « ° Blainville, 1837, Ann. Sci. nat., Paris, 2d ser., v. 8, Zool., 279; 
Cynus ° Agassiz, 1846, Nomenclator Zool., Index Univ., 113, for Kynos; 
Hyenoides ° Boitard, "1842", Jardin Plantes, Mamm., 163-164, mt. picta Temm., syn. venatica 
Broocks, syn. tricolor Griff.; Boitard in Orbigny, "1843", Diet. Univ. Hist, nat., Paris, v. 3, 
566, mt. picta, syn. venatica Burch. & Brooks; 
Kynos ° Riippell, 1842, Mus. Senekenberg., Frankfurt a. M., v. 3 (2), 163, mt. pictus, Africa. 
