1140 
this is not sharply defined. Skull broad, low (depth of braincase only 
about half mastoid breadth), entire dorsal profile nearly straight, zygo- 
matic arches so widely expanded and postorbital region so much narrowed 
that distance from point of greatest narrowing to zygoma is greater than 
postorbital constriction; rostrum so shortened that posterior border of 
narial opening approaches level of anterior zygomatic root, and distance 
from orbit to gnathion is much less than half length of braincase; auditory 
bulla flattened, with conspicuous meatal tube; paroccipital process low and 
ridgehke but distinct from bulla. Teeth 36 (i. 3/3, c. 1/1, pm. 4/3, m. 1/2); 
large as compared with width of rostrum and palate (greatest transverse 
diameter of upper carnassial equal to half distance between carnassials) ; all 
of the small premolars opposed and capable of trenchant action with those 
of opposite jaw; upper carnassial with crown triangular in outline, the 
outer side occupied by a moderately high cutting edge formed by 2 cusps 
and a connecting ridge, the inner side (about half total crown area) by a 
flat crushing surface; upper molar rhombic in outline, its crown area about 
equal to that of carnassial (usually somewhat smaller), its greatest diame- 
ter transverse to axis of toothrow, 4 primitive cusps present; lower car- 
nassial with 3 anterior cusps well developed, subequal, posterior heel slightly 
larger than anterior triangle. External form highly modified for aquatic 
life, body long and of approximately same width as neck and head, tail long, 
very muscular, broad at base, tapering distally, legs short, feet broad, toes 
webbed, short-clawed; fur soft, dense and impervious to water. Nearly 
cosmopolitan; absent only from the Antarctic and high Arctic regions, 
Madagascar, Australia and Pacific Islands. 
H99 Lutra annectens Forsyth Major, 1897, Zool. Anz., v. 20 (529), Apr. 26, 
142. Central American Otter, Nutria in Costa Rica. Rio de Tepic, 
Nayarit, Mexico *; Central America. 
^5*499 Lutra ^ [or Lontra brasiliensis Zimmermann, 1780, Geogr. Ges. Mensch., 
V. 2, 316. So. #497B Pteronura brasiliensis, q. v., fide Ihering, 1911, 262. 
#499 Lutra • capensis lUiger, 1815, Abh. ph.-Kl. K. pr. Ak. Wiss. (1804-1811), 
79, 87 [nn]; Schinz, 1821, Cuvier's Thierreich, v. 1, 214. So. #494 Aonyx* 
capensis, q. v. 
#499 Lutra ' cinerea lUiger, 1815, Abh. ph.-Kl. K. pr. Ak. Wiss. (1804-1811), 
90, 99 [nn]. So. #495 Micraonyx cinerea, q. v. 
#499 Lntra* [or Latax^] (Lutra) lutra (Linn., 1758a, 45 [Mustela^]) Cuv., 1817, 
Regne Anim., v. 1, 151. Common otter, European otter, Sea otter, Nirr- 
nai, Nirunai (Water-dog). Upsala, Sweden *; from British Isles to 
Caucasus, from Scandinavia to Spain and Greece; north Africa, eastward 
into Asia; limits of range not known. 
Euparyphium t257. — Intest, 
[melis. — Europe.] 
[trigonocephalum °.] 
Schistocephalus <t289. — Intest. 
nodosus ^ — Leningrad, U. S. S. R. 
Dioctophyme t426. 
[giganteus °.] 
gigas. — Intest. erratic, pelvis of 
kidney. — Alfort, Europe. 
viscerale ^. 
Filaria t435. 
acuminata ^. — Pulm. arteries, em- 
bryos in blood. — Coll. Sencken- 
berg, Frankfurt a. M. 
Skrjabingylus <t418. — Frontal sinus. 
[mustelarum ^ ^ — So. nasicola.] 
nasicola. 
Trichosoma • t372a. 
putorii ^. — Russia. 
Echinorhynchus t502. 
species Andre, 1917. — Intest. — 
Rhone. 
Ixodes t866.— Ext. 
crenulatus ^. 
"fhexagonus hexagonus. — England. 
Trichodectes fHOO.— Ext. 
exilis. — Palaearctic Region — T. h. 
