1165 
line,* the cutting portion consisting of a single large anterior cusp with its- 
slightly developed anterior commissure and more distinct posterior com- 
missure, the crushing portion represented by the obliquely sloping inner 
base of this cusp and ridge; upper molar rhornbic in outline, its crovm area 
about 3 times that of carnassial, its greatest diameter in axis of tooth-row, 
the 4 primitive cusps present; lower carnassial with the 3 anterior cusps well 
developed, subequal, the posterior heel decidedly larger than anterior tri- 
angle; external form heavy. Head pointed; ears short but plainly visible. 
Body thick. Tail short, not muscular. Feet subplantigrade, toes with long 
fossorial claws and without webs. Fur coarse and loose. Northern tem- 
perate portions of Old World; in Europe from central Scandinavia to the 
Mediterranean, and from Ireland eastward. Syns.: Melesium » Rafinesque, 
1815, Analyse Nature, Palerme, 59, new name for Taxus Cuv.; Taxus <> 
Geoffr. & Cuv., 1795, Mag. encycl., v. 2, 184, 187, tsd. (1904) Ursus • meles. 
#528 Meles anakuma Temminck in Siebold, 1844, Fauna Japon., Mamm., 30, 
Japan. 
#528 Meles arenarius Satunin, 1895, Arch. f. Naturg., Ill [Meles taxus 
Caucasus*. So. #528 Meles taxus fide Trouess., 1897c, Cat. Mamm., 
V. 1, 254. 
Paraceras <tl626.— Ext. 
melts. — Palaearctic region. 
#52S Meles communis ° Billberg, 1827, Synop. Faunae Scandinaviae, v. 1 (1)^ 
16 [nv], meles renamed. So. #528 Meles meles, q. v. 
#528 Meles europaeus'' Desm., 1816, Nouv. Diet. Hist, nat., v. 3, 465, meles 
renamed. So. #528 Meles meles, q. v. 
#528 Meles 1 labradorius (Gmel. in Linn., 1788, Syst. Nat., ed. 13, v. 1, 102 
[Ursus •]) Meyer, 1796, Zool. Archiv., v. 2, 45. So. #544 Taxidea* lahra- 
doria, q. v. 
#528 Meles leptorhynchus ° Milne-Edwards, 1867, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., Paris, 
v. 8, 374. Blaireau. North China*; Arakan; Assam; Nepal; Sylhet; East 
Yunnan. So. Meles leucurus, fide Trouess., 1897c, Cat. Mamm., v. 1, 255; 
var. of Meles taxus fide Greve, 1894, Nova Acta Acad. Leop., Halle, 151. 
Physaloptera 470//. 
species Schwartz, 1926. — Liver. — China. 
#528 Meles (Taxidia ™) leucurus (Hodgson, 1847, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pt. 
15 (177), Nov. 10, 116 [Taxidea >]) Hodgson, 1847, J. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, v. 
16, 763. Tibetan Badger, Tumphd.. Arakan; Assam; China; Nepal; 
Plains of Tibet *; Yunnan. 
#528 Meles [or Taxus^] {Meles) meles (Linn., 1758a, 48 [Ursus i]) Ilhger, 1811, 
Prodr. Syst. Mamm., 130. European Badger, gemeiner Dachs. Upsala, 
Sweden *; Europe, west to Ireland, south to Mediterranean and north to 
central Scandinavia. Eastern limits of range not known. Several sub- 
species. 
Paraceras <tl626.— Ext. 
melts. — Japan. 
Trichopsylla <tl626.— Ext. 
globiceps. — Japan. 
Endamoeba t37. 
[fdysenteriae 
