1186 
#573 (572a 65). uksidae Gray, 1825, Thompson's Ann. PhUos., n. s., v. IQ (5),. 
Nov., 339. — Bears; ours; Bar. Cheek teeth comparatively small, especially 
pm.l-pm.3, which are mostly unicuspid and one-rooted, but pm.l larger- 
and more persistent than pm.2; upper pm.4 at most tricuspid, inner root, 
normally fused with posterior root; lower pm.4 short, unicuspid; teeth 
generally 42 (i. 3/3, c. 1/1, pm. 4/4, m. 2/3); zygoma arising approximately 
above middle of m.2, which is far in advance of mesopterygoid fossa, the 
latter preceded by a long edentulous posterior palate; alisphenoid canal 
present; floor of external auditory meatus produced to reach approximately 
to end of thick mastoid process; mandible not thickened on inner side of 
coronoid, which does not conceal m.3 and is comparatively low and but 
little hooked; angular well developed, condyle and glenoid surface not 
abnormally wide. Fore foot without long radio-carpal sesamoid; feet 
thoroughly plantigrade, broad, adapted for digging, though not used for 
fossorial purposes; toes 5 on front feet, 5 on hind. Heavily built, short 
tails, protrusible lips, reduced vibrissae and no bursa on the ear. Northern 
hemisphere, south in Old World to Atlas Mountains and Malay Archipelago- 
and in America to the Andes. Contains (fide Pocock, 1929, 899): Helarctos,. 
Melursus, Selenarctos, Thalarctos, TremarctoSy Ursus. See #573 Helarctos, 
#574 Melursus, #575 Thalarctos, #576 Ursus. 
#573. Helarctos Horsfield, 1825, Zool. J., v. 2 (6), July, 221-234, tod. euryspilus 
Horsfield, from Borneo. — Head short, broad; molar teeth comparatively 
broad ^(but length still exceeding breadth) ; tongue very long and extensile. 
Fur short, smooth. Borneo India, Malay, etc. Generic names ending; 
in arctos are usually quoted as masculine; in absence of a ruling to the con- 
trary we follow this custom although it would seem that arctos feminine 
would perhaps be more classical. Syn. Helarctus Gloger, 1842, Hand- u. 
Hilfsb. Naturg., v. 1, pp. xxviii, 53, mt. malayanus. 
#573 Helarctos [or Helarctus, Prochilus ^] (Helarctos) malayanus (Raffles,. 
1821, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, v. 13 (1), 254 [Ursus i]) Horsfield, 1825,, 
Zool. J., V. 2 (6), July, 225, 234. Malay bear, Malayan sun-bear. Sun bear, 
Bruan, malanischer Bar, Malayischer Bar, Bruang, Wek-won. Malay Pen- 
insula, Sumatra *, Java, Borneo, extends north into Tenasserim, Arakan,, 
Chittagong, and the Garo hills of India. 
Pentorchis<t306/. 
arkteios. — Rangoon *, Burma. — Syn. 
arctius « 1930.— T. h. 
Ancylostoma t387. — Intest. 
\malayanum. — Kandy, Ceylon. — T. 
h. 
Toxascaris t486. — Intest. 
transfuga [transf usa ™]. 
Haemaphysalis t869. — Ext. 
hystricis. — Malay. 
\leachi. — Malay. 
#574. Melursus Meyer, 1793, Zool. Entdeck., Leipzig, 155-160, mt. lyhius 
Meyer so. Bradypus ^ ursinus Shaw renamed. — Sloth bears, Baerdachs. 
Four incisors in upper jaw, even in the young; teeth 40 (i. 2/3, c. 1/1, pm. 
4/4, m. 2/3); all molars and premolars very small, the latter separated from 
66 #573a (572). ailuropodidae Pocock, 1921, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 420. — Giant panda. Cheek teeth 
excessively developed, except pm.l of upper jaw, which is minute in maxUla, and absent in mandible; pm.2 
of maxilla and pm.2 and pm.3 of mandible tricuspid; pm.3 of maxilla sexcuspid; pm.4 of same, with 3 
large outer and 2 large inner cusps, its inner root not fused with posterior root; lower pm.4 long, tricuspid;, 
zygoma arising approximately above middle of m.l; posterior end of m.2 reached or overlapped by anterior 
end of mesopterygoid fossa; no long edentulous posterior palate; alisphenoid canal absent; floor of external 
auditory meatus abbreviated and falling far short of long compressed mastoid; mandible thickened on. 
inner side of coronoid, which conceals m.3 and is high and hooked; angular much reduced; condyle and 
glenoid surface abnormally wide. Fore foot with long radio-carpal sesamoid. Southern China; Tibet- 
Contains Aikiropoda. 
