1188 
#575 Thalarctos maritimus maritimus (Phipps, 1774, Voy. toward North 
Pole, London, 185 [Ursus ']) Miller, 1924 o, 107. Spitzbergen *; EUesmere- 
land; Hudson Bay; West Greenland. 
#575 Thalarctos maritimus ungavensis (Knottnerus-Myer, 1908, Sitzungsber. 
Gesellsch. naturf. Freunde Berlin, July, 181 [Thalassarctos (Ursus ')]) Miller^ 
1912, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bui. 79, 77. Ungava Bay, Ungava, Canada \ 
#575 Thaiarctos (Thalarctos) polaris » (Shaw, 1792, Mus. Leveriani, v. 1, 7, 
pi. 2, 77iannus plus maritimus renamed [Ursus ^]) Gray, 1825, Ann. Philos., 
V. 26, July, 62. So. #575 Thalarctos maritimus, q. v. 
#576. Ursus 6s Linn., 1758a, 47, tat. arctos Linn. syn. ursus Gesner. — Ordinary 
bears, black bears, brown bears, grizzly bears. Bar. Teeth 42 (i. 3/3, c. 1/1, 
pm. 4/4, m. 2/3); inner upper incisor well developed, permanent; first, 
second, and third premolars in both jaws small, single-rooted, readily 
deciduous, especially pm^, pmj, and pms; molars large and robust, length 
of the 2 upper teeth together equal to width of palate; upper carnassial 
considerably smaller than either of the true molars, which are both longer 
than broad, with flattened, tuberculated grinding-surfaces, much worn 
down in old animals; lower carnassial has a small and indistinct blade and 
greatly developed tubercular heel; second true molar about same length as 
lower carnassial, but broader; hindmost molar shorter. Feet broad and 
completely plantigrade, soles naked; toes 5-5, all well developed; claws 
long, compressed, moderately curved, nonretractile. Tail very short. 
Ears small, erect, rounded, hairy. Pupil round. Mammae 6. Skull 
elongate (except in U. malayanus); orbits small and incomplete behind; 
palate prolonged considerably behind last molars; ahsphenoid canal present; 
a marked projection inside the base of lower jaw near the angle, as in seals. 
Northern hemisphere from northern hmits of great continental areas south 
to Atlas Mts., the Himalayas, and Mexico. 
#576 Ursus [or Euardos ^] (Euarctos, Euarctus <=) americanus (Pallas, 1780^ 
Spic. zool., fasc. 14, 5). American black bear, amerikanischer Schwarzbar^ 
amerikanischer Bar, Baribal. Eastern N. America Several subspecies. 
Nanophyetus <t271. Dermacentor 1873. 
^salmincola. — Exp. t*venustus — So. "gander soni. 
Diphyllobothrium t295. Trichopsylla <tl626.— Ext. 
jlatum. — Exp. setosa. — Mabel Lake, Brit. Columbia. 
Toxascaris t4S6. — Small intest. 
Hransfuga. — Phila. Zoo. 
#576 Ursus (Ursus) arctos Linn., 1758a, 47. Brown bear, common European 
bear, European brown bear, snow bear or red bear of European sportsmen, 
only a local race of the brown bear, ours brun, europaischer, brauner, or 
gemeiner Bar, brune landbj0rn, Barf-ka-rinch, Brabu, Dab, Drengmo, Drin- 
mor, Diib, Haput, Kunia-haput, Ldl-bhdlii, Tom-khaina. Sweden *; entire 
continent of Europe wherever sufficiently extensive forests remain, west 
formerly to Gr. Britain, where it became extinct about the 11th century; 
not certainly known to have occurred in Ireland; east into Asia; Africa. 
Syn. arctus Blanford, 1888, Fauna Brit. India, Mamm., 194. 
66 Syns.: Danis Gray, 1825, Ann. Philos., n. s., v. 10, July, 60, mt.ferox Desm. syn. horribilis Ord; 
Euarctos Gray, 186-i, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, no. 44, 692, mt. americanus Pallas; 
Euarctus = Elliot, 1901, Synop. Mamm. N. Amer., Zool. Ser., v. 2, 313; 
Myrmarctos o Gray, 1864, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, no. 44, 694, mt. eversmanni so. (1912) arctos; 
Ursardos " Heude, 1898, Mem. Hist. nat. Empire Chinois, v. 4, 18, 20, 23, tsd. (1904) arctos 
yesoensis Lydekker, from Yezo, Japan; 
Vetularctos » Merriam, 1918, N. Amer. Fauna, no. 41, Feb. 9, 131-132, mt. tod. inopinatus Mer- 
riam, 1918. 
