its receptors and desensitize the system. This pro- 
vides yet another example of the elegant and in- 
terrelated feedback regulatory pathways that regu- 
late transmembrane signaling events mediated by G 
protein-coupled receptors. 
Dr. Lefkowitz is also James B. Duke Professor of 
Medicine and Professor of Biochemistry at the 
Duke University Medical Center. 
Books and Chapters of Books 
Collins, S., Altschmied, J., Mellon, P.L., Caron, 
M.G., and Lefkowitz, R.J. 1991. Multiple path- 
ways regulate adrenergic receptor responsive- 
ness. In Neurotransmitter Regulation of Gene 
Transcription (Costa, E., and Joh, T.H., Eds.). 
Washington, DC: Thieme, vol 7, pp 183-191. 
Roth, N.S., Lefkowitz, R.J., and Caron, M.J. 1991 . 
Structure and function of the adrenergic receptor 
family. In Cellular Molecular Mechanisms in 
Hypertension (Cox, R.H., Ed.). New York: Ple- 
num, pp 223-238. 
Articles 
Allen, L.F., Lefkowitz, R.J., Caron, M.G., and Co- 
tecchia, S. 1991. G-protein-coupled receptor 
genes as proto-oncogenes: constitutively activat- 
ing mutation of the ajg-adrenergic receptor en- 
hances mitogenesis and tumorigenicity. ProcNatl 
Acad Sci USA 88:11354-11358. 
Benovic, J.L., Onorato, JJ., Arriza, J.L., Stone, 
W.C., Lohse, M., Jenkins, N.A., Gilbert, DJ., 
Copeland, N.G., Caron, M.G., and Lefkowitz, 
R.J. 1991. Cloning, expression, and chromo- 
somal localization of /3-adrenergic receptor kinase 
2. A new member of the receptor kinase family./ 
Biol Chem 266:149^9-1494,^ ■ 
Bylund, D.B., Blaxall, H.S., Iversen, L.J., Caron, 
M.G., Lefkowitz, R.J., and Lomasney, J. L. 1992. 
Pharmacological characteristics of alpha- 2 adren- 
ergic receptors: comparison of pharmacologi- 
cally defined subtypes with subtypes identified 
by molecular cloning. Mol Pharmacol 42:1-5. 
Collins, S., Caron, M.G., and Lefkowitz, R.J. 
1992. From ligand binding to gene expression: 
new insights into the regulation of G protein- 
coupled receptors. Trends Biochem Sci 17:37- 
39. 
Collins, S., Lohse, MJ , O'Dowd, B., Caron, M.G., 
and Lefkowitz, R.J. 1991. Structure and regula- 
tion of G protein-coupled receptors: the 
adrenergic receptor as a model. Vitam Horm 
46:1-39. 
Cotecchia, S., Ostrowski, J., Kjelsberg, M.A., 
Caron, M.G., and Lefkowitz, R.J. 1992. Discrete 
amino acid sequences of the a j -adrenergic recep- 
tor determine the selectivity of coupling to 
phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis. / Biol Chem 
267:1633-1639. 
Dohlman, H.G., Thorner, J., Caron, M.G., and Lef- 
kowitz, R.J. 1991. Model systems for the study of 
seven-transmembrane-segment receptors. Annu 
Rev Biochem 60:653-688. 
Fargin, A., Yamamoto, K., Cotecchia, S., Goldsmith, 
P.K., Spiegel, A.M., Lapetina, E.G., Caron, M.G., 
and Lefkowitz, R.J. 1991. Dual coupling of the 
cloned 5-HTlA receptor to both adenylyl cyclase 
and phospholipase C is mediated via the same Gj 
protein. Cell Signal 3:547-557. 
Hausdorff, W.P., Pitcher, J. A., Luttrell, D K., 
Linder, M.E., Kurose, H., Parsons, SJ., Caron, 
M.G., and Lefkowitz, R.J. 1992. Tyrosine phos- 
phorylation of G protein a subunits by pp60*' *'^'^. 
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA S9 ■.5120-5124. 
Inglese, J., Glickman, J.F., Lorenz, W., Caron, 
M.G., and Lefkowitz, R.J. 1992. Isoprenylation 
of a protein kinase. Requirement of farnesylation/ 
a-carboxyl methylation for full enzymatic activity 
of rhodopsin kinase. / Biol Chem 267:1422- 
1425. 
Kjelsberg, M.A., Cotecchia, S., Ostrowski, J., 
Caron, M.G., and Lefkowitz, R.J. 1992. Consti- 
tutive activation of the aig-adrenergic receptor by 
all amino acid substitutions at a single site. Evi- 
dence for a region which constrains receptor acti- 
vation. /5/o/ Chem 267:1430-1433. 
Liggett, S.B., Ostrowski, J., Chesnut, L.C., Kurose, 
H., Raymond, J. R., Caron, M.G., and Lefkowitz, 
R.J. 1992. Sites in the third intracellular loop of 
the Q!2A''idrenergic receptor confer short term 
agonist-promoted desensitization. Evidence for a 
receptor kinase-mediated mechanism. / Biol 
Chem 261:4140-4146. 
Lohse, MJ., Andexinger, S., Pitcher, J., Truka- 
winski, S., Codina, J., Faure, J. -P., Caron, M.G., 
and Lefkowitz, R.J. 1992. Receptor-specific de- 
sensitization with purified proteins. Kinase de- 
pendence and receptor specificity of /3-arrestin 
and arrestin in the (82-adrenergic receptor and 
rhodopsin systems. / Biol Chem 267:8558- 
8564. 
Lomasney, J.W., Cotecchia, S., Lefkowitz, R.J., and 
Caron, M.G. 1991. Molecular biology of a- 
adrenergic receptors: implications for receptor 
classification and for structure-function relation- 
ships. Biochim Biophys Acta 1095:127-139. 
Lorenz, W., Inglese, J., Palczewski, K., Onorato, 
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