Books and Chapters of Books 
Gupta, S., Paul, W.E., Cooper, M.D., and Rothen- 
berg, E.V., editors. 1991. Mechanisms of Lym- 
phocyte Activation and Immune Regulation III: 
Developmental Biology of Lymphocytes. New 
York: Plenum. 
Lahti,J.M., and Cooper, M.D. 1992. T cell receptor 
phylogeny. In Encyclopedia of Immunology 
(Roitt, I., and Delves, P.J., Eds.). London: 
Saunders Scientific, vol III, pp 1433-1436. 
Rosen, F.S., Wedgew^ood, R.J., EibI, M., Griscelli, C, 
Seligmann, M., Aiuti, F., Kishimoto, T., Matsu- 
moto, S., Khakhalin, L.N., Hanson, F.A., Hitzig, 
W.H., Thompson, R.A., Cooper, M.D., Good, 
R.A., and Waldmann, T.A. 1992. Primary immuno- 
deficiency diseases: report of a WHO sponsored 
meeting. In Immunodeficiency Reviews (Rosen, 
F.S., and Seligmann, M., Eds.). Harwood Aca- 
demic, GmbH, vol 3, pp 195-236. 
Articles 
Ackley, C, and Cooper, M.D. 1992. Characteriza- 
tion of a feline T-cell-specific monoclonal anti- 
body reactive with a CD5-like molecule. Am J Vet 
Res 53:466-471. 
Cihak, J., HofFmann-Fezer, G., Ziegler-Heibrock, 
H.W.L., Stein, H., Kaspers, B., Chen, C.H., 
Cooper, M.D., and Losch, U. 1991. T cells ex- 
pressing the V^j T-cell receptor are required for 
IgA production in the chicken. Proc Natl Acad Sci 
USA 88:10951-10955. 
Dean, G.A., Quackenbush, S.L., Ackley, CD., 
Cooper, M.D., and Hoover, E.A. 1991. Flow cyto- 
metric analysis of T-lymphocyte subsets in cats. 
Vet Immunol Immunopatbol 28:327-335. 
Lahti, J.M., Chen, C.-l.H., Tjoelker, L.W., Pickel, 
J.M., Schat, K.A., Calnek, B.W., Thompson, C.B., 
and Cooper, M.D. 1991. Two distinct a/3 T-cell 
lineages can be distinguished by the differential 
usage of T-cell receptor gene segments. Proc 
Natl Acad Sci USA 88:10956-10960. 
Monteiro, R.C., Cooper, M.D., and Kubagawa, H. 
1992. Molecular heterogeneity of Fca receptors 
detected by receptor-specific monoclonal anti- 
bodies. //wmwwo/ 148:1764-1770. 
Volanakis, J.E., Zhu, Z.-B., Schaffer, F.M., Macon, 
K.J., Palermos, J., Barger, B.O., Go, R., Campbell, 
R.D., Schroeder, H.W., Jr., and Cooper, M.D. 
1992. Major histocompatibility complex class III 
genes and susceptibility to immunodeficiency A 
deficiency and common variable immunodefi- 
ciency./ C/m Invest 89:1914-1922. 
MECHANISMS OF ANTIGEN PROCESSING 
Peter Cresswell, Ph.D., Investigator 
The function of membrane glycoproteins en- 
coded by the major histocompatibility complex 
(MHC) is to bind peptides derived from self and 
foreign proteins and to present them on the cell sur- 
face for screening by T lymphocytes. The primary 
interests of Dr. Cresswell's laboratory are in the mo- 
lecular mechanisms involved in the intracellular 
generation and binding of peptides and the role of 
peptide association in the transport and expression 
of MHC molecules. Much of the past year's work has 
centered on analysis of mutant cell lines that are 
defective in the peptide-loading process. 
Function of MHC Class I Molecules 
Two genes have been identified in the MHC that 
are required for the formation of complexes of class 
I molecules with peptides in the endoplasmic retic- 
ulum (ER) . These are now referred to as TAP. 1 and 
TAP. 2, and both encode multi-membrane-spanning 
proteins that are members of the ATP-binding cas- 
sette (ABC) family of membrane transporters. Dr. 
Cresswell and his colleagues have shown that a cell 
line (T2) lacking TAP.l and TAP. 2 proteins is im- 
paired in its ability to transport HLA (human leuko- 
cyte-associated antigen) class I-182-microglobulin 
(iS2m) dimers out of the ER, with the single excep- 
tion to date of the product of the HLA- A2 allele. HLA 
class I molecules other than HLA-A2 fail to bind pep- 
tides when expressed in T2. HLA-A2, however, 
binds peptides derived from a limited number of 
signal sequences when it is expressed in T2, ex- 
plaining its transport and cell surface expression. 
Thus, at least for the HLA-A2 allele, signal se- 
quences may represent an alternative source of anti- 
genic peptides for the generation of class I- 
restricted T cell epitopes. (This work was supported 
by a grant from the National Institutes of Health.) 
Transport of mouse (H-2) class I glycoproteins in 
320 
