ment. Analysis of cortical and sensory system devel- 
opment suggests potential roles for these factors in 
determining mature neuronal phenotypes. With 
support from the National Institute of Mental 
Health, Dr. Rosenfeld and his colleagues have iden- 
tified seven additional, novel POU domain factors, 
most of which are expressed during neural develop- 
ment. However, several recently identified genes 
are expressed only in distinct organs outside of the 
central nervous system. Analysis of the binding sites 
for these novel POU domain factors reveals that they 
bind primarily as monomers to sites distinct from 
those of Pit- 1 . A detailed analysis revealed that a 
spacing rule dictated binding of these proteins to 
these cognate DNA sites. Thus the POU-specific 
domain and POU homeodomain are bipartite DNA- 
binding domains, with each making sequence- 
specific major groove contacts. The spacing be- 
tween these, based on minor groove contacts, is 
distinct for each class of POU domain factors. This 
spacing rule could provide a critical determinant of 
the specificity of the target genes for each class of 
POU domain protein. Aspects of these projects were 
also supported by grants from the National Institutes 
of Health. 
Dr. Rosenfeld is also Professor of Medicine in 
the Eukaryotic Regulatory Biology Program at the 
School of Medicine of the University of California, 
San Diego. 
Books and Chapters of Books 
Crenshaw, E.B., III, Swanson, L.W., Rosenfeld, 
M.G., and Russo, A.F. 1992. Transgenic mouse 
technology: application to the study of the ner- 
vous system. In Techniques for Genetic Analysis 
of Brain and Behavior: Focus on the Mouse 
(Goldwitz, D., Wahlsteen, D., and Wimer, R., 
Eds.). Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, pp 1-29. 
Glass, C.K., HoUoway, J.M., and Rosenfeld, M.G. 
1992. The ligand-dependent superfamily of tran- 
scriptional regulators. In Receptor Sub-Units and 
Complexes (Burgen, A., and Barnard, A., Eds.). 
Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp 
353-390. 
Glass, C.K., and Rosenfeld, M.G. 1991 • Regulation 
of gene transcription by thyroid hormones and ret- 
inoic acid. In Molecular Aspects of Cellular Regu- 
lation — The Hormonal Control Regulation of 
Gene Transcription (Foukes, G., and Cohen, P., 
Eds.). Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, vol 6, pp 
299-327. 
Lipkin, S.M., Rosenfeld, M.G., and Glass, C.K. 
1992. Regulation of gene expression by thyroid 
hormones and retinoic acid. In Genetic Engineer- 
ing (Setlow, J.K., Ed.). New York: Plenum, vol 
14, pp 185-209. 
Rosenfeld, M.G., Mathis, M., Klein, E., Ingraham, 
H.A., He, X., Treacy, M.N., Gerrero, M R., Cren- 
shaw, E.B., in, Li, S., Emeson, R.B., Yeakley, J.A., 
Swanson, L.W., and Lin, C.R. 1991. Molecular and 
genetic approaches to defining development of 
neuronal phenotypes. \n Neurotransmitter Regu- 
lation of Gene Transcription, Molecular and Ge- 
netic Approaches to Defining Development of 
Neuronal Phenotypes (Costa, E., and Joh, T.H., 
Eds.). New York: Thieme Medical, pp 1-7. 
Articles 
Chang, C P., Kao, J.P.Y., Lazar, C.S., Walsh, B.J., 
Wells, A., Wiley, H.S., Gill, G.N., and Rosenfeld, 
M.G. 1991. Ligand-induced internalization and 
increased cell calcium are mediated via distinct 
structural elements in the carboxyl terminus of 
the epidermal growth factor receptor. / Biol 
Chem 266:23467-23470. 
Delsert, CD., and Rosenfeld, M.G. 1992. A tissue- 
specific small nuclear ribonucleoprotein and the 
regulated splicing of the calcitonin/calcitonin 
gene-related protein transcript. / Biol Chem 
261:1451 5-1 A51 9. 
Drolet, D.W., Scully, K.M., Simmons, D.M., Wegner, 
M., Chu, K., Swanson, L.W., and Rosenfeld, M.G. 
1991. TEE, a transcription factor expressed specif- 
ically in the anterior pituitary during embryogen- 
esis, defines a new class of leucine zipper pro- 
teins. Genes Dev 5:11 59-11 55. 
Emeson, R.B., Yeakley, J.M., Hedjran, F., Merillat, 
N., Lenz, H.J., and Rosenfeld, M.G. 1992. Post- 
transcriptional regulation of calcitonin/CGRP 
gene expression. Ann NY Acad Sci 657:18-35. 
Lipkin, S.M., Nelson, C, Glass, C.K., and Rosen- 
feld, M.G. 1992. A negative retinoic acid re- 
sponse element in the rat oxytocin promoter 
restricts transcriptional stimulation by heterolo- 
gous transactivation domains. Proc Natl Acad Sci 
USA 89:1209-1213. 
Masui, H., Wells, A., Lazar, C.S., Rosenfeld, M.G., 
and Gill, G.N. 1991. Enhanced tumorigenesis of 
NR6 cells which express non-down-regulating 
epidermal growth factor receptors. Cancer Res 
51:6170-6175. 
Mathis, J. M., Simmons, D.M., He, X., Swanson, L.W., 
and Rosenfeld, M.G. 1992. Brain 4: a novel 
mammalian POU domain transcription factor ex- 
hibiting restricted brain-specific expression. 
EMBOf 11:2551-2561. 
Pfaffle, R.W., DiMattia, G.E., Parks, J.S., Brown, 
M.R., Wit, J.M., Jansen, M., Van der Nat, H., Van 
den Brande, J.L., Rosenfeld, M.G., and Ingraham, 
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