Index 
c-erbA proto-oncogene, gene expression, 81 
Cervical cancer, papillomaviruses, 259-260 
c-fos proto-oncogene 
insulin mechanisms and, 47-48 
transcription, 495-496 
cGMP (cyclic GMP), phototransduction, 489-490 
"Chaperone" proteins 
cellular (GRP78-BiP), 264-266 
in vivo folding, 201-202 
Charge-coupled devices (CCDs) , DNA sequencing, 
157-158 
Charybdotoxin (CTX), potassium channels, 309 
Chlamydia trachomatis, antigen presentation, 103-104 
Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), TNF release and, 
41-42 
Chloride channels 
cell membrane regulation, 469-471 
"double-barreled" complex, 309 
Cholecystokinin (CCK), molecular basis of obesity and, 146 
Choroideremia, molecular genetics, 325 
Chromaffin cells, cell fate, 15-16 
Chromosome 17, neurofibromatosis type 1 (NFl), 472-474 
Chromosome 21, Down syndrome analysis, 255-256 
Chromosome puffs, metamorphosis, 447-448 
Chromosome structure 
ends of, 77-78 
organization in Drosophila, 193-194 
three-dimensional analysis, 5-6 
Chylomicronemia syndrome, 261-262 
Chymotrypsin, x-ray diffraction patterns, Ivii-lviii 
c-A'/-r«s proto-oncogene, 155-156 
P Clamp, DNA replication, 331-332 
Class II molecules, lymphocyte surface antigens, 389-390 
Classical pathways, complement system, xlvii 
Clathrin, vesicle transport, 381-383 
"Clock molecule," 371-372 
Clonal deletion, xlvii 
Clonal selection hypothesis, xlvii 
immune system development, 91-92 
Cloning 
immune system, xlvii 
muscular dystrophy, Iv 
procedures for, xxxv, xxxix 
See also cDNA 
c-myc genes 
antibody generation, 12 
transcription, 495-496 
Collagen 
basement membrane, 365 
type I, 53-54 
Colony-forming bundles (CFB) , pathogenicity studies, 
387-388 
Colony-forming unit, spleen (CFU-S), hematopoietic stem 
cells, 37-38 
Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs). See Interleukins 
Compactin, cell regulation, 167 
Complement receptor 2 (CR2), function, 195-196 
Complement system 
current research, 21-22 
functions, xlviii-xlix 
receptor evolution and function, 195-196 
Computer analysis 
genome sequencing, 83-84 
simulation, protein function studies, 253-254 
Consensus templates, molecular replacement, 65 
a Constant Spring (aCS) mutation, 285-286 
Contractile protein genes, transcription, 315-316 
Co-receptors 
major histocompatibility complex (MHC), xlviii-xlix 
See also CD4 and CDS molecules 
"Co-stimulatory" signals, self/non-self discrimination, 
221-222 
couch potato gene, Drosophila peripheral nervous system, 
35-36 
CpG islands, hemophilia A, 165-166 
CRE-binding (CREB) protein 
oncogenesis and gene expression, 403-404 
T cell gene expression, 281 
Cro repressor protein, macromolecule interaction, 303-305 
Crystallins, pigmentation and insertional mutagenesis, 
337-338 
Crystallography. See X-ray crystallography 
CSF-1 receptor 
signal transduction, 405-406 
transforming potential, 406 
Cs kinase, post-transcriptional regulation, 122 
c-srcgene, 63-64 
embryonic stem cells, 415-416 
CTD kinases, RNA polymerase II, 93-94 
Cyclins 
cell cycle studies, 27-28 
second messenger pathways, 391-392 
Cyclosporin A, cell activation and differentiation, 97-98 
c-yes gene, embryonic stem cells, 416 
Cystic fibrosis (CF) 
gene tracking, 89-90 
ion channel regulation, 469-471 
molecular studies, 31-32 
somatic gene therapy, 481 
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator 
(CFTR), 469-471 
gene tracking, 89-90 
Cytochrome be, complexes, macromolecule structure, 
109-110 
Cytokines 
functional heterogeneity, 57-58 
retroviral gene expression, 313-314 
Cytoplasm 
insulin receptor studies, 123- 124 
mammalian cell development, xxxi 
Cytosine-guanine clusters, gene inactivation, 132 
Cytoskeleton 
proteins, dystrophin analysis, 252 
structural elements, xxxi 
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes 
immune response, xlii-xliii 
ontogeny and specificity, 43-44 
db/db genes, molecular basis of obesity and, 145-146 
Deformed (Dfd) genes, homeotic action of, 30 
Deiodinase, thyroid hormone activation, 267-268 
Deletion mutation, voltage-gated ion channels, 7-8 
Dendrites, functions of, / 
Dendritic spines, computational neurobiology, 399-400 
Density-sensing factor (DSF), cell fate, 169-170 
Desensitization, polypeptide growth factors, 357-358 
Developmental genetics, 415-416 
Diabetes mellitus 
autoimmune model, 159 
immune system and, xlvii 
insulinotropic peptide, 184 
islet hormone evolution, 423-424 
molecular genetics of, 33-34 
1 ,2-Diacylglycerol (DAG), signaling mechanisms, 129-130 
Diarrhea, 151-152 
Dictyostelium discoideum, cell differentiation, 169-170 
Differentiation 
B and T lymphocytes, 11-12, 55-56 
endodermal, 98 
gene expression and, 179-180 
genetic regulatory mechanisms, 97-98 
hepatocyte, 98 
homeotic gene action, 29-30 
molecular mechanisms, 111-112 
507 
