Index 
Syngeneic mixed-lymphocyte reaction (SMLR) , T cell 
diflferentiation and activation, 55-56 
Synthetase-tRNA complex, protein-DNA interaction, 
427-429 
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), autoantibody probes, 
425-426 
T4 lysozyme, macromolecule interaction, 505-505 
Tat proteins 
gene expression regulation, 99 
immunodeficiency, 555 
T cell receptors (TCRs) 
antigen-specific, 291 
development and function, 455-454 
diversity in, 24 
gene expression, 281 
immune system development, 91-92 
J (joining) sequence, xlii, xlvii 
light chains, xlii, xliv, xlvii 
lymphocyte differentiation and activation, 55-56 
neoplasia development and, 249 
recognition and selection, 105-106 
structural and functional studies, 464-466 
three-dimensional structure, 45-46 
T cells 
activation, 55-56 
differentiation, 97-98 
receptor, 464-466 
a/|8 receptors, 255-256 
antigen presentation, 105-104 
biology and genetics, 569-570 
CD4-bearing, 57-58 
developmental mechanisms, 11-12 
development and function, 455-454 
foreign antigen recognition, 105-106 
gene expression, 415-414 
growth mechanisms, 177-178 
health and sickness and, 299-500 
HFV gene expression, 515-514 
immune response, xlii-xliii 
immune system development, 91-92 
mammalian development, xlv, xlvii 
molecular differentiation mechanisms, 111-112 
ontogeny and specificity, 45-44 
self/non-self discrimination, 221-222 
suppression, leprosy and, 51-52 
thymus selection of, xlvi-xlvii 
See also Helper T cells 
TCRl cells, immune system development, 91-92 
Telomerase, autoantibody probes, 425-426 
Telomere structure 
kidney disease, 565 
ribozymes and, 77-78 
Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT), lymphocyte 
gene expression, 415-414 
;S-Thalassemia 
globin gene expression, 251-252 
hematopoietic cells, 555-556 
Thalassemias, gene expression, 285-286 
Thioredoxin, functions, 255-254 
Thioredoxin reductase (TR), 255-254 
"Third messengers," growth factors, 441 
Three-dimensional structure 
cell structure, 4-6 
eukaryotic chromosomes, 594-596 
macromolecules, 109-110 
T cell receptors, 45-46 
Thrombin 
blood clot prevention and, 125-126 
coagulation mechanisms, 577-578 
Thrombolytic therapy, membrane and secretory proteins, 
160 
Thrombomodulin 
blood clot prevention and, 125-126 
coagulation mechanisms, 577-578 
Thrombosis, blood coagulation, 577-578 
Thymocyte precursors, T cell surface, 289-290 
Thymus 
antigen-specific, 291 
immune function and tolerance, 156-158 
self antigens, immune system, xlvi-xlvii 
Thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) 
activation enzymes, 267-268 
gene expression, 81 
Thyroid hormone receptor (TR) 
gene expression, 81 
molecular mechanisms, 127-128 
Thyroid hormone response elements (TREs) 
gene expression, 81 
myosin heavy-chain (MHC), 515-516 
Thyrotropin (TSH), gene expression, 81 
Thyroxine, activation mechanisms, 267-268 
Ti heterodimer, T cell antigen receptor, 464-466 
Tissue factor, blood coagulation, 578 
Tissue specificity 
snRNP protein, olfaction, 285-284 
steroid hormones, 547-548 
Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), 159-160 
Tla genes, germ cell recombination, 154 
Topoisomerase II, chromosome structure, 5-6 
for gene, morphogen gradients, 457 
TPA response element (TRE) , oncogenesis and gene 
expression, 405-404 
Trans-activating proteins, gene expression, 451-452 
Transcription 
cellular regulation, 409-410 
developmentally regulated genes, 452 
iJ/'osop/bz/fl development, 114-116 
gene expression and, 515-514 
gene regulation and, xxxviii-xxxix 
immunodeficiency, 555 
immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene, 229-250 
in vitro hybridization, xxxviii-xxxix 
lymphocyte gene expression, 415-414 
mammalian cell development, xxvi, xxx 
metamorphosis, 447-448 
oncogenesis and gene expression, 405-404 
promoter-specific regulators, 451-452 
radioactive probes, xxxviii-xxxix 
regulatory complexes, 185-186 
transmembrane signals, 495-496 
tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and, 42 
viral-mediated trans-activation, 525-524 
Transcription factor 
dimerization interface, 507-508 
£>rosop/b«7« development, 114-116 
eukaryotic gene regulation, 67-68 
gene targeting, 71 
growth control, 155-156 
growth factors, 441 
hematopoietic cells, 555-556 
mammalian cell development, xxxi 
MyoD gene, 461-462 
Transduction mechanism, ion channel activation and, 95-96 
Transfection, immune response and, 45-46 
Transforming growth factor-/3 (TGF-;8) 
mechanisms, 501-502 
vertebrates, 295-296 
Transgenic models 
antibody generation, 11-12 
antigen-specific T cell receptors, 291 
autoimmune model, 159-160 
extracellular matrix biology, 55-54 
genetics of cancer and, 269-270 
518 
