Index 
genetic studies, xl 
Ig gene expression regulation, 179-180 
immune function and tolerance, 136-138 
self-tolerance mechanisms, 174-176 
visual system development, 337-338 
Trans-inactivation, chromosome organization, 193-194 
Transition-state analogue, protein structure and function, 
360-362 
Translation 
mammalian cell development, xxvi 
ribosome pausing, 485 
tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and, 42 
Translocation 
chromosomal, in Down syndrome, 256 
neoplasia, lymphocyte development and, 249 
protein, 381-383 
Translocons, nuclear organelles, 49-50 
Transmembrane domains, neurotransmission and, // 
Transmembrane signals, transcription, 495-496 
Transmitters 
in cell cycle, xxxii-xxxiii 
See also Neurotransmitters 
Transporters, cell structure, xxxii 
TRAP (TR auxiliary protein), thyroid hormones, 82 
Tricarboxylic acid cycles, genetic defects, 457-458 
Tricyclic antidepressants, neural gene expression and, 13-14 
3,5,3'-Triiodothyronine (Tj), activation mechanisms, 
267-268 
Tris-tetraproline (TTP), insulin mechanisms and, 47-48 
Tropical diseases, immune evasion and, 117-118 
a-Tropomyosin (TM) gene, alternative splicing, 316 
Trypanosomes, glycoprotein mechanisms, 475 
Trypanosomiasis, immune evasion, 1 17-118 
Trypanothione reductase (TrypR), functions, 254 
tubby ( tub ) genes, molecular basis of obesity and, 145-146 
Tuberculosis 
genetic approaches to, 214-216 
immunity and pathogenesis, 51-52 
Tumor cells 
heat-shock protein functions, 287-288 
transforming growth factors, 301-302 
Tumorigenesis 
cholecystokinin regulation, 146 
tissue specificity, 107-108 
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) 
blood coagulation, 378 
hormonal signal transduction, 420-422 
shock and, 41-42 
Tumor suppressor gene 
gene inactivation, 132 
growth control, 156 
;8-Turn, protein structure and folding, 139-140 
Turner syndrome, X and Y chromosomes, 342-344 
Type I collagen, extracellular matrix biology, 53-54 
Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), transcription, 495-496 
Tyrosine kinase 
cell fate, 353-354 
EGF receptor function, 107-108 
insulin receptor studies, 123-124 
lymphocyte signaling, 351 
T cell surface glycoproteins, 289-290 
tumorigenesis, 63-64 
visual system development, 376 
Tyrosine phosphatase, tumorigenesis, 63-64 
Ubiquitin, second messenger pathways, 391-392 
Ubx (Ultrabit borax) gene 
Drosophila development, 379-380 
homeotic action of, 30 
ultraspiracle (usp) gene, retinoid X receptors, 127-128 
Unfolded protein response (UPR), membrane and secretory 
proteins, 160 
Urea cycle element (UCE), metabolic pathways, 457-458 
Urea pathways, genetic defects, 457-458 
Vaccines 
enteric bacteria pathogenicity, 387-388 
genetic approaches, 215-216 
leprosy and tuberculosis, 52 
Variable domain, protein chains, xlii 
Variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) , trypanosomiasis, 
117-118 
Vertebrates, embryonic induction, 295-296 
Vesicles 
synaptic transmission, 384-386 
transport, secretory pathway, 381-383 
Viral-mediated trans-activation, 323-324 
Viral protein 
HIV gene expression, 313-314 
retroviral replication, 60-62 
Virulence determinants 
mycobacterial disease, 216 
pathogenicity studies, 387-388 
Viruses, macromolecular assemblies, 185-186 
Visual systems 
development of, 23 7 
Drosophila, 375-376 
neural foundations, 311-312 
phototransduction, 489-490 
pigment molecular biology, 319-321 
insenional mutagenesis, 337-338 
signal transduction, 205-206 
transduction, 497 
Voltage differential, ion channels and, //, liv 
Voltage-gated channels 
molecular mechanisms, 7-8 
potassium channels, molecular mechanisms, 491 
synaptic transmission and, li, liv 
Voltage-sensitive potassium channels, 217-218 
von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis (NFl). See Neurofi- 
bromatosis type 1 
von Willebrand disease 
blood coagulation, 378 
plasminogen activator, 162-164 
von Willebrand factor 
blood coagulation, 378 
plasminogen activator, 162-164 
VPl polypeptide chains, virus structure, 185 
V promoters, antibody gene rearrangement, 111-112 
V (variable) sequence, T cell receptors, xlii, xlvii 
v-src oncogene, 63-64 
Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) model, somatic 
gene therapy, 481 
White cells (leukocytes), growth control, 405-406 
white gene, position-dependent gene expression, 187-188 
Wilms' tumor 
gene inactivation, 131-132 
growth factors, 441 
YAC library, 333-334 
wingless gene 
Drosophila limb development, 86-88 
embryogenesis, 327-328 
Wnt-1 genes, embryogenesis, 327-328 
Wound healing, cell adhesion, 207-209 
X chromosome 
factor VIII gene and, 165-166 
genetic inheritance patterns and, xxvi, xxix 
inactivation, 402 
mammalian development, 342-344, 401-402 
molecular genetics, 325-326 
muscular dystrophy and, Iv 
519 
