56 British Diving Ducks 
Tzree.~S2iid to have bred in 1897 5 brood of 5 young seen (P. Anderson, ^4. S. Nat. 
Hist., 1898, p. 157). 
Shetlands. — Said to have bred in 191 1, but no details given (Baxter and Rintoul, Rep. 
on Scot. Ornithology, 191 1, p. 8). 
Ireland. — One pair found breeding on a lough in N.W. Ireland by Major Trevelyan. 
The birds were first noticed in 1904, but it was not till 1905 that the first nest was found. 
From that time onward a nest has been found or young observed every year. See Field, 
July 15, 1905, and July 4, 1908; Brit. Birds, ii. pp. 39, 86, 134; iii. p. 197; iv. p. 154, 
&c. ; V. p. 79 ; Ootheca Wolleyana, ii. p. 580. 
Europe : Iceland. — Breeds not uncommonly in the north, especially near Myvatn, but 
rarely seen in south (Slater, Manual, p. 74 ; Hantzsch, Vogelwelt Islands, p. 204). 
Spitsbergen. — Recorded as breeding in 1905 (Koenig, Avifauna Spitzbergensis, p. 231 ; 
zi.J. f. O., 1908, p. 138). 
Norway.- — Breeds in E. Finmark, but rarely farther south. 
Sweden. — Breeds in Swedish Lappmark and Jemtland (Westerlund, p. 177). 
Russia: Finland. — Chiefly in the north (Finnish Lappmark), south to about lat. 
61° 40' N. ; Kola Peninsula (Pleske and H. F. Witherby). 
Lapla7td. — The Archangel Government, the Lower Petschora, rarely in Novaya 
Zemlya, but commonly on Waigatz (S. A. Buturlin). 
Asia. — Breeds in Siberia east to the Taimyr Peninsula and Boganida, and south to 
the Lower Tjumen, in the Tobolsk Government (S. A. Buturlin). 
Migration Range. 
Europe: Fcerdes. — Occurs, but no proof of breeding. Winters in North Sea, 
English Channel, and very abundant off the north coasts of Holland and France. 
A few resort to the south coasts of Norway, and it is numerous on the coasts of Den- 
mark, Jutland, and N. Germany. A few pass south to the coasts of Spain and Por- 
tugal (Santander and Gibraltar — L. H. Irby). Portugal (common, Tait, Ibis, 1887, p. 378) ; 
also to Azores (Godman, p. 37; Hartert, Nov. Zool., xii. p. 109); also along the N.W. 
African coast i^ide subter). In the Mediterranean it has been met with in N. Italy (Venetia, 
Liguria, Tuscany, &c.) about fifteen times (Giglioli, p. 488), and it is said to have occurred 
on Sardinia (Arrigoni) ; possibly also on Corsica (Whitehead). Probably these birds travel 
overland, as it is known to visit the lakes of Switzerland (Fatio and Studer, Oiseaux de la 
Suisse, p. 1395). It is, however, very rare in Bohemia and Hungary. In S. France, it is 
rare off the coasts of Provence. In Eastern Europe it migrates down the Volga valley to 
the Caspian Sea (H. Saunders), and also occurs on the Black Sea and on passage in the 
Dobrogea (Dombrowski). Pallas and Eichwald record it from the Caspian. 
Asia. — Tristram records it in winter off the coast of Palestine, but it apparently does 
not reach the marshes of Mesopotamia, and it is recorded with some doubt from Cyprus by 
J. A. Bucknill {Ibis, 1910, p. 402). Mr. F. R. S. Baxendale, however, saw two near Fama- 
gusta in 191 2 (in litt.), but as no specimens were obtained, it is possible that they may 
have been Velvet-Scoters. 
Africa.— UdiVitvt records it from Rio de Oro, on the west coast of the Sahara, 
on June 20 {Nov. Zool., x. p. 296), and Irby and C. A. Payton from the coasts of Morocco 
